mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Multiverse of Time Series Machine Learning: an Archive for Multivariate Time Series Classification

arXiv 2603.20352 ↗First posted 20 Mar 2026cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Time series machine learning (TSML) is a growing research field that spans a wide range of tasks. The popularity of established tasks such as classification, clustering, and extrinsic regression has, in part, been driven by the availability of benchmark datasets. An archive of 30 multivariate time series classification datasets, introduced in 2018 and commonly known as the UEA archive, has since become an essential resource cited in hundreds of publications. We present a substantial expansion of this archive that more than quadruples its size, from 30 to 133 classification problems. We also release preprocessed versions of datasets containing missing values or unequal length series, bringing the total number of datasets to 147. Reflecting the growth of the archive and the broader community, we rebrand it as the Multiverse archive to capture its diversity of domains. The Multiverse archive includes datasets from multiple sources, consolidating other collections and standalone datasets into a single, unified repository. Recognising that running experiments across the full archive is computationally demanding, we recommend a subset of the full archive called Multiverse-core (MV-core) for initial exploration. To support researchers in using the new archive, we provide detailed guidance and a baseline evaluation of established and recent classification algorithms, establishing performance benchmarks for future research. We have created a dedicated repository for the Multiverse archive that provides a common aeon and scikit-learn compatible framework for reproducibility, an extensive record of published results, and an interactive interface to explore the results.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 100 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2026.

Builds on

45 of 100 references.

References · 45

  1. 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,161
  2. 2022TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysiscited by 1,030
  3. 2023One Fits All:Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LMcited by 615
  4. 2021TS2Vec: Towards Universal Representation of Time Seriescited by 463
  5. 2020A Transformer-based Framework for Multivariate Time Series Representation Learningcited by 449
  6. 2018The UCR Time Series Archivecited by 421
  7. 2019ROCKET: Exceptionally fast and accurate time series classification using random convolutional kernelscited by 336
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  11. 2015Should we really use post-hoc tests based on mean-ranks?cited by 116
  12. 2019catch22: CAnonical Time-series CHaracteristicscited by 103
33 more
  1. 2023Bake off redux: a review and experimental evaluation of recent time series classification algorithmscited by 99
  2. 2021MultiRocket: Multiple pooling operators and transformations for fast and effective time series classificationcited by 89
  3. 2018Mobile Sensor Data Anonymizationcited by 70
  4. 2023Deep Learning for Time Series Classification and Extrinsic Regression: A Current Surveycited by 68
  5. 2017Multivariate Time Series Classification with WEASEL+MUSEcited by 53
  6. 2022HYDRA: Competing convolutional kernels for fast and accurate time series classificationcited by 53
  7. 2023TimesURL: Self-supervised Contrastive Learning for Universal Time Series Representation Learningcited by 51
  8. 2020The Canonical Interval Forest (CIF) Classifier for Time Series Classificationcited by 48
  9. 2024aeon: a Python toolkit for learning from time seriescited by 46
  10. 2023Improving Position Encoding of Transformers for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 44
  11. 2020Interpretable Time Series Classification using Linear Models and Multi-resolution Multi-domain Symbolic Representationscited by 31
  12. 2023An Approach to Multiple Comparison Benchmark Evaluations that is Stable Under Manipulation of the Comparate Setcited by 27
  13. 2021The Temporal Dictionary Ensemble (TDE) Classifier for Time Series Classificationcited by 26
  14. 2020XCM: An Explainable Convolutional Neural Network for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 24
  15. 2021Random Dilated Shapelet Transform: A New Approach for Time Series Shapeletscited by 22
  16. 2023Large Pre-trained time series models for cross-domain Time series analysis taskscited by 22
  17. 2023FormerTime: Hierarchical Multi-Scale Representations for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 21
  18. 2022The FreshPRINCE: A Simple Transformation Based Pipeline Time Series Classifiercited by 18
  19. 2023QUANT: A Minimalist Interval Method for Time Series Classificationcited by 15
  20. 2024ShapeFormer: Shapelet Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 14
  21. 2024Abstracted Shapes as Tokens -- A Generalizable and Interpretable Model for Time-series Classificationcited by 12
  22. 2020EMOPAIN Challenge 2020: Multimodal Pain Evaluation from Facial and Bodily Expressionscited by 11
  23. 2023Unsupervised Feature Based Algorithms for Time Series Extrinsic Regressioncited by 9
  24. 2024Look Into the LITE in Deep Learning for Time Series Classificationcited by 9
  25. 2022Fast and Robust Video-Based Exercise Classification via Body Pose Tracking and Scalable Multivariate Time Series Classifierscited by 8
  26. 2023Series2Vec: Similarity-based Self-supervised Representation Learning for Time Series Classificationcited by 8
  27. 2023MTS2Graph: Interpretable Multivariate Time Series Classification with Temporal Evolving Graphscited by 7
  28. 2025MONSTER: Monash Scalable Time Series Evaluation Repositorycited by 6
  29. 2024A Medical Low-Back Pain Physical Rehabilitation Dataset for Human Body Movement Analysiscited by 5
  30. 2023An Examination of Wearable Sensors and Video Data Capture for Human Exercise Classificationcited by 3
  31. 2024User-friendly Foundation Model Adapters for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 3
  32. 2025Large Language Models are Few-shot Multivariate Time Series Classifierscited by 3
  33. 2025A Standardized Benchmark for Skeleton-Based Rehabilitation Assessment Using Deep Learningcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

  1. 2026In-Context Time Series Classification with Random Convolutional Featurescited by 1
  2. 2026TypiCore: A Hybrid Active Query Strategy for Class-Incremental Learning on Time Seriescited by 0
  3. 2026Robust and Efficient Noisy-Label Time-Series Classification via Dynamic Time Warping Based Granular Ball Computingcited by 0