Learning Complete 3D Morphable Face Models from Images and Videos
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Abstract (arXiv)
Most 3D face reconstruction methods rely on 3D morphable models, which disentangle the space of facial deformations into identity geometry, expressions and skin reflectance. These models are typically learned from a limited number of 3D scans and thus do not generalize well across different identities and expressions. We present the first approach to learn complete 3D models of face identity geometry, albedo and expression just from images and videos. The virtually endless collection of such data, in combination with our self-supervised learning-based approach allows for learning face models that generalize beyond the span of existing approaches. Our network design and loss functions ensure a disentangled parameterization of not only identity and albedo, but also, for the first time, an expression basis. Our method also allows for in-the-wild monocular reconstruction at test time. We show that our learned models better generalize and lead to higher quality image-based reconstructions than existing approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 9; 2023: 13; 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
35 papers.
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- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2022ImFace: A Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 64
- 20233D Face Reconstruction with the Geometric Guidance of Facial Part Segmentationcited by 38
- 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Videocited by 37
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2023Learning a 3D Morphable Face Reflectance Model from Low-cost Datacited by 20
- 2023Interactive Face Video Coding: A Generative Compression Frameworkcited by 17
- 2023GANHead: Towards Generative Animatable Neural Head Avatarscited by 17
- 2023Single-Shot Implicit Morphable Faces with Consistent Texture Parameterizationcited by 16
- 2023Implicit Neural Head Synthesis via Controllable Local Deformation Fieldscited by 14
- 2025TEASER: Token Enhanced Spatial Modeling for Expressions Reconstructioncited by 13
23 more
- 2023ImFace++: A Sophisticated Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 10
- 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animationcited by 10
- 2023HQ3DAvatar: High Quality Controllable 3D Head Avatarcited by 9
- 2025Common3D: Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Morphable Models for Common Objects in Neural Feature Spacecited by 9
- 2022Cross-Modal Perceptionist: Can Face Geometry be Gleaned from Voices?cited by 8
- 2022GAN2X: Non-Lambertian Inverse Rendering of Image GANscited by 8
- 2021Identity-Expression Ambiguity in 3D Morphable Face Modelscited by 6
- 2023SketchMetaFace: A Learning-based Sketching Interface for High-fidelity 3D Character Face Modelingcited by 4
- 2025VGGTFace: Topologically Consistent Facial Geometry Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 4
- 2022SCULPTOR: Skeleton-Consistent Face Creation Using a Learned Parametric Generatorcited by 3
- 2023High-Quality 3D Face Reconstruction with Affine Convolutional Networkscited by 3
- 2025TCFNet: Bidirectional face-bone transformation via a Transformer-based coarse-to-fine point movement networkcited by 3
- 2023Unsupervised Learning of Style-Aware Facial Animation from Real Acting Performancescited by 2
- 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Mapcited by 2
- 2024FaceLift: Semi-supervised 3D Facial Landmark Localizationcited by 2
- 2022Building 3D Generative Models from Minimal Datacited by 1
- 2023DisControlFace: Adding Disentangled Control to Diffusion Autoencoder for One-shot Explicit Facial Image Editingcited by 1
- 20243D Face Modeling via Weakly-supervised Disentanglement Network joint Identity-consistency Priorcited by 1
- 2022Data standardization for robust lip synccited by 0
- 2024Video-Driven Animation of Neural Head Avatarscited by 0
- 2025Geometry-Aware Face Reconstruction Under Occluded Scenescited by 0
- 2026A survey of facial recognition techniquescited by 0
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Imagecited by 0
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026A survey of facial recognition techniques9 Jan 2026
- 2025VGGTFace: Topologically Consistent Facial Geometry Reconstruction in the Wild25 Nov 2025
- 2025TCFNet: Bidirectional face-bone transformation via a Transformer-based coarse-to-fine point movement network20 Aug 2025
- 2025Common3D: Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Morphable Models for Common Objects in Neural Feature Space30 Apr 2025
- 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animation1 Apr 2025
- 2025Geometry-Aware Face Reconstruction Under Occluded Scenes16 Mar 2025
- 2025TEASER: Token Enhanced Spatial Modeling for Expressions Reconstruction16 Feb 2025
- 2024FaceLift: Semi-supervised 3D Facial Landmark Localization30 May 2024
- 20243D Face Modeling via Weakly-supervised Disentanglement Network joint Identity-consistency Prior25 Apr 2024
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis5 Apr 2024
- 2024Video-Driven Animation of Neural Head Avatars7 Mar 2024
23 more
- 2023DisControlFace: Adding Disentangled Control to Diffusion Autoencoder for One-shot Explicit Facial Image Editing11 Dec 2023
- 2023ImFace++: A Sophisticated Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representations7 Dec 2023
- 20233D Face Reconstruction with the Geometric Guidance of Facial Part Segmentation1 Dec 2023
- 2023High-Quality 3D Face Reconstruction with Affine Convolutional Networks22 Oct 2023
- 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Map25 Aug 2023
- 2023SketchMetaFace: A Learning-based Sketching Interface for High-fidelity 3D Character Face Modeling3 Jul 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Learning of Style-Aware Facial Animation from Real Acting Performances16 Jun 2023
- 2023Single-Shot Implicit Morphable Faces with Consistent Texture Parameterization4 May 2023
- 2023Implicit Neural Head Synthesis via Controllable Local Deformation Fields21 Apr 2023
- 2023GANHead: Towards Generative Animatable Neural Head Avatars8 Apr 2023
- 2023HQ3DAvatar: High Quality Controllable 3D Head Avatar25 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning a 3D Morphable Face Reflectance Model from Low-cost Data21 Mar 2023
- 2023Interactive Face Video Coding: A Generative Compression Framework20 Feb 2023
- 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Video23 Nov 2022
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstruction27 Oct 2022
- 2022SCULPTOR: Skeleton-Consistent Face Creation Using a Learned Parametric Generator14 Sep 2022
- 2022GAN2X: Non-Lambertian Inverse Rendering of Image GANs18 Jun 2022
- 2022ImFace: A Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representations28 Mar 2022
- 2022Cross-Modal Perceptionist: Can Face Geometry be Gleaned from Voices?18 Mar 2022
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstruction18 Mar 2022
- 2022Building 3D Generative Models from Minimal Data4 Mar 2022
- 2022Data standardization for robust lip sync13 Feb 2022
- 2021Identity-Expression Ambiguity in 3D Morphable Face Models29 Sep 2021
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2022ImFace: A Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 64
- 20233D Face Reconstruction with the Geometric Guidance of Facial Part Segmentationcited by 38
- 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Videocited by 37
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2023Learning a 3D Morphable Face Reflectance Model from Low-cost Datacited by 20
- 2023Interactive Face Video Coding: A Generative Compression Frameworkcited by 17
- 2023GANHead: Towards Generative Animatable Neural Head Avatarscited by 17
- 2023Single-Shot Implicit Morphable Faces with Consistent Texture Parameterizationcited by 16
- 2023Implicit Neural Head Synthesis via Controllable Local Deformation Fieldscited by 14
- 2025TEASER: Token Enhanced Spatial Modeling for Expressions Reconstructioncited by 13
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026A survey of facial recognition techniques9 Jan 2026
- 2025VGGTFace: Topologically Consistent Facial Geometry Reconstruction in the Wild25 Nov 2025
- 2025TCFNet: Bidirectional face-bone transformation via a Transformer-based coarse-to-fine point movement network20 Aug 2025
- 2025Common3D: Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Morphable Models for Common Objects in Neural Feature Space30 Apr 2025
- 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animation1 Apr 2025
- 2025Geometry-Aware Face Reconstruction Under Occluded Scenes16 Mar 2025
- 2025TEASER: Token Enhanced Spatial Modeling for Expressions Reconstruction16 Feb 2025
- 2024FaceLift: Semi-supervised 3D Facial Landmark Localization30 May 2024
- 20243D Face Modeling via Weakly-supervised Disentanglement Network joint Identity-consistency Prior25 Apr 2024
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis5 Apr 2024
- 2024Video-Driven Animation of Neural Head Avatars7 Mar 2024
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)