Incremental Learning In Online Scenario
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Modern deep learning approaches have achieved great success in many vision applications by training a model using all available task-specific data. However, there are two major obstacles making it challenging to implement for real life applications: (1) Learning new classes makes the trained model quickly forget old classes knowledge, which is referred to as catastrophic forgetting. (2) As new observations of old classes come sequentially over time, the distribution may change in unforeseen way, making the performance degrade dramatically on future data, which is referred to as concept drift. Current state-of-the-art incremental learning methods require a long time to train the model whenever new classes are added and none of them takes into consideration the new observations of old classes. In this paper, we propose an incremental learning framework that can work in the challenging online learning scenario and handle both new classes data and new observations of old classes. We address problem (1) in online mode by introducing a modified cross-distillation loss together with a two-step learning technique. Our method outperforms the results obtained from current state-of-the-art offline incremental learning methods on the CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1000 (ILSVRC 2012) datasets under the same experiment protocol but in online scenario. We also provide a simple yet effective method to mitigate problem (2) by updating exemplar set using the feature of each new observation of old classes and demonstrate a real life application of online food image classification based on our complete framework using the Food-101 dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 16; 2022: 12; 2023: 20; 2024: 13; 2025: 10.
71 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2021Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elementscited by 71
- 2021Online Continual Learning on Class Incremental Blurry Task Configuration with Anytime Inferencecited by 66
- 2022Continual Learning with Foundation Models: An Empirical Study of Latent Replaycited by 61
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2023Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual Learningcited by 53
- 2021Online Continual Learning For Visual Food Classificationcited by 39
- 2021Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 34
- 2024Domain Generalization through Meta-Learning: A Surveycited by 28
- 2025CL-LoRA: Continual Low-Rank Adaptation for Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 26
38 more
- 2021An End-to-End Food Image Analysis Systemcited by 21
- 2021Continual Learning in Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition: an Empirical Benchmark Analysiscited by 21
- 2022Online Continual Learning with Contrastive Vision Transformercited by 21
- 2022Do Pre-trained Models Benefit Equally in Continual Learning?cited by 20
- 2023Long-Tailed Continual Learning For Visual Food Recognitioncited by 20
- 2022Long-tailed Food Classificationcited by 19
- 2021Unsupervised Continual Learning Via Pseudo Labelscited by 18
- 2021An Integrated System for Mobile Image-Based Dietary Assessmentcited by 18
- 2022Exemplar-free Online Continual Learningcited by 18
- 2023Online Class-Incremental Learning For Real-World Food Image Classificationcited by 17
- 2024Orchestrate Latent Expertise: Advancing Online Continual Learning with Multi-Level Supervision and Reverse Self-Distillationcited by 16
- 2021Online Continual Learning Via Candidates Votingcited by 15
- 2024F-OAL: Forward-only Online Analytic Learning with Fast Training and Low Memory Footprint in Class Incremental Learningcited by 12
- 2023Online Continual Learning on Hierarchical Label Expansioncited by 11
- 2022Out-Of-Distribution Detection In Unsupervised Continual Learningcited by 10
- 2021Self-Supervised Features Improve Open-World Learningcited by 8
- 2021Self-Supervised Class Incremental Learningcited by 8
- 2024DELTA: Decoupling Long-Tailed Online Continual Learningcited by 8
- 2022A Continual Learning Framework for Adaptive Defect Classification and Inspectioncited by 7
- 2022Simulating Personal Food Consumption Patterns using a Modified Markov Chaincited by 7
- 2025Generalized Incremental Learning under Concept Drift across Evolving Data Streamscited by 7
- 2021Revisiting Catastrophic Forgetting in Class Incremental Learningcited by 6
- 2023Online Distillation with Continual Learning for Cyclic Domain Shiftscited by 6
- 2023An Improved Encoder-Decoder Framework for Food Energy Estimationcited by 5
- 2024Online Continuous Generalized Category Discoverycited by 5
- 2023New Insights on Relieving Task-Recency Bias for Online Class Incremental Learningcited by 4
- 2023A Comprehensive Review and a Taxonomy of Edge Machine Learning: Requirements, Paradigms, and Techniquescited by 4
- 2023Diffusion Model with Clustering-based Conditioning for Food Image Generationcited by 4
- 2023Muti-Stage Hierarchical Food Classificationcited by 4
- 2023Personalized Food Image Classification: Benchmark Datasets and New Baselinecited by 4
- 2023Conditional Synthetic Food Image Generationcited by 3
- 2024Protect-Your-IP: Scalable Source-Tracing and Attribution against Personalized Generationcited by 3
- 2025Safety Monitoring for Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems in Out-of-Distribution Scenarioscited by 3
- 2024Learning to Classify New Foods Incrementally Via Compressed Exemplarscited by 2
- 2024Constructing Enhanced Mutual Information for Online Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
- 2024Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network with Forward Regularizationcited by 2
- 2025Exploring Incremental Unlearning: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 2
- 2021Towards Continual, Online, Self-Supervised Depthcited by 1
50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2025PANDA -- Patch And Distribution-Aware Augmentation for Long-Tailed Exemplar-Free Continual Learning12 Nov 2025
- 2025Generalized Incremental Learning under Concept Drift across Evolving Data Streams6 Jun 2025
- 2025CL-LoRA: Continual Low-Rank Adaptation for Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental Learning30 May 2025
- 2025Large Language Models in the Task of Automatic Validation of Text Classifier Predictions24 May 2025
- 2025TaskVAE: Task-Specific Variational Autoencoders for Exemplar Generation in Continual Learning for Human Activity Recognition10 May 2025
- 2025Safety Monitoring for Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems in Out-of-Distribution Scenarios18 Apr 2025
- 2025AiGAS-dEVL-RC: An Adaptive Growing Neural Gas Model for Recurrently Drifting Unsupervised Data Streams8 Apr 2025
- 2025Modeling of AUV Dynamics with Limited Resources: Efficient Online Learning Using Uncertainty6 Apr 2025
- 2025From Offline to Online Memory-Free and Task-Free Continual Learning via Fine-Grained Hypergradients26 Feb 2025
- 2025Exploring Incremental Unlearning: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions23 Feb 2025
- 2024Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network with Forward Regularization17 Dec 2024
- 2024Online Continuous Generalized Category Discovery24 Aug 2024
38 more
- 2024FMiFood: Multi-modal Contrastive Learning for Food Image Classification7 Aug 2024
- 2024Constructing Enhanced Mutual Information for Online Class-Incremental Learning26 Jul 2024
- 2024Decision Boundary-aware Knowledge Consolidation Generates Better Instance-Incremental Learner5 Jun 2024
- 2024Protect-Your-IP: Scalable Source-Tracing and Attribution against Personalized Generation26 May 2024
- 2024Towards Realistic Incremental Scenario in Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation16 May 2024
- 2024Towards An Online Incremental Approach to Predict Students Performance3 May 2024
- 2024Learning to Classify New Foods Incrementally Via Compressed Exemplars11 Apr 2024
- 2024DELTA: Decoupling Long-Tailed Online Continual Learning6 Apr 2024
- 2024Domain Generalization through Meta-Learning: A Survey3 Apr 2024
- 2024Orchestrate Latent Expertise: Advancing Online Continual Learning with Multi-Level Supervision and Reverse Self-Distillation30 Mar 2024
- 2024F-OAL: Forward-only Online Analytic Learning with Fast Training and Low Memory Footprint in Class Incremental Learning23 Mar 2024
- 2023PBES: PCA Based Exemplar Sampling Algorithm for Continual Learning14 Dec 2023
- 2023Density Distribution-based Learning Framework for Addressing Online Continual Learning Challenges22 Nov 2023
- 2023Applications of Sequential Learning for Medical Image Classification26 Sep 2023
- 2023Personalized Food Image Classification: Benchmark Datasets and New Baseline15 Sep 2023
- 2023Muti-Stage Hierarchical Food Classification3 Sep 2023
- 2023An Improved Encoder-Decoder Framework for Food Energy Estimation1 Sep 2023
- 2023Diffusion Model with Clustering-based Conditioning for Food Image Generation1 Sep 2023
- 2023Online Continual Learning on Hierarchical Label Expansion28 Aug 2023
- 2023SATHUR: Self Augmenting Task Hallucinal Unified Representation for Generalized Class Incremental Learning13 Aug 2023
- 2023Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual Learning1 Aug 2023
- 2023Long-Tailed Continual Learning For Visual Food Recognition1 Jul 2023
- 2023Sit Back and Relax: Learning to Drive Incrementally in All Weather Conditions30 May 2023
- 2023Online Distillation with Continual Learning for Cyclic Domain Shifts3 Apr 2023
- 2023Conditional Synthetic Food Image Generation16 Mar 2023
- 2023DualMix: Unleashing the Potential of Data Augmentation for Online Class-Incremental Learning14 Mar 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Review and a Taxonomy of Edge Machine Learning: Requirements, Paradigms, and Techniques16 Feb 2023
- 2023New Insights on Relieving Task-Recency Bias for Online Class Incremental Learning16 Feb 2023
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Survey7 Feb 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Application31 Jan 2023
- 2023Online Class-Incremental Learning For Real-World Food Image Classification12 Jan 2023
- 2022Do Pre-trained Models Benefit Equally in Continual Learning?27 Oct 2022
- 2022Towards Practicality of Sketch-Based Visual Understanding27 Oct 2022
- 2022Long-tailed Food Classification26 Oct 2022
- 2022Selecting Related Knowledge via Efficient Channel Attention for Online Continual Learning9 Sep 2022
- 2022Simulating Personal Food Consumption Patterns using a Modified Markov Chain13 Aug 2022
- 2022Online Continual Learning with Contrastive Vision Transformer24 Jul 2022
- 2022Lightweight Conditional Model Extrapolation for Streaming Data under Class-Prior Shift10 Jun 2022
50 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2021Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elementscited by 71
- 2021Online Continual Learning on Class Incremental Blurry Task Configuration with Anytime Inferencecited by 66
- 2022Continual Learning with Foundation Models: An Empirical Study of Latent Replaycited by 61
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2023Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual Learningcited by 53
- 2021Online Continual Learning For Visual Food Classificationcited by 39
- 2021Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 34
- 2024Domain Generalization through Meta-Learning: A Surveycited by 28
- 2025CL-LoRA: Continual Low-Rank Adaptation for Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 26
12 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2025PANDA -- Patch And Distribution-Aware Augmentation for Long-Tailed Exemplar-Free Continual Learning12 Nov 2025
- 2025Generalized Incremental Learning under Concept Drift across Evolving Data Streams6 Jun 2025
- 2025CL-LoRA: Continual Low-Rank Adaptation for Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental Learning30 May 2025
- 2025Large Language Models in the Task of Automatic Validation of Text Classifier Predictions24 May 2025
- 2025TaskVAE: Task-Specific Variational Autoencoders for Exemplar Generation in Continual Learning for Human Activity Recognition10 May 2025
- 2025Safety Monitoring for Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems in Out-of-Distribution Scenarios18 Apr 2025
- 2025AiGAS-dEVL-RC: An Adaptive Growing Neural Gas Model for Recurrently Drifting Unsupervised Data Streams8 Apr 2025
- 2025Modeling of AUV Dynamics with Limited Resources: Efficient Online Learning Using Uncertainty6 Apr 2025
- 2025From Offline to Online Memory-Free and Task-Free Continual Learning via Fine-Grained Hypergradients26 Feb 2025
- 2024Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network with Forward Regularization17 Dec 2024
- 2024Online Continuous Generalized Category Discovery24 Aug 2024
- 2024FMiFood: Multi-modal Contrastive Learning for Food Image Classification7 Aug 2024
12 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)