Integrating Scientific Knowledge with Machine Learning for Engineering and Environmental Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
There is a growing consensus that solutions to complex science and engineering problems require novel methodologies that are able to integrate traditional physics-based modeling approaches with state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) techniques. This paper provides a structured overview of such techniques. Application-centric objective areas for which these approaches have been applied are summarized, and then classes of methodologies used to construct physics-guided ML models and hybrid physics-ML frameworks are described. We then provide a taxonomy of these existing techniques, which uncovers knowledge gaps and potential crossovers of methods between disciplines that can serve as ideas for future research.
Key facts. Cited by 160 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 30; 2023: 29; 2024: 27; 2025: 25; 2026: 40.
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- 2021Finite Basis Physics-Informed Neural Networks (FBPINNs): a scalable domain decomposition approach for solving differential equationscited by 142
- 2022Physics-Informed Machine Learning: A Survey on Problems, Methods and Applicationscited by 88
- 2022Continuous PDE Dynamics Forecasting with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 71
- 2023Graph Neural Networks for temporal graphs: State of the art, open challenges, and opportunitiescited by 60
- 2024Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Needs, Techniques, Applications, and Future Directioncited by 46
- 2021A Framework for Machine Learning of Model Error in Dynamical Systemscited by 37
- 2022NeuralUQ: A comprehensive library for uncertainty quantification in neural differential equations and operatorscited by 33
- 2021Review of Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Methods: Comparing Deep Learning and Knowledge-based Approachescited by 30
- 2022Physics-informed neural networks for PDE-constrained optimization and controlcited by 19
- 2021Physics-enhanced deep surrogates for partial differential equationscited by 18
- 2023IB-UQ: Information bottleneck based uncertainty quantification for neural function regression and neural operator learningcited by 18
- 2024Importance-Aware Adaptive Dataset Distillationcited by 18
38 more
- 2022Robust Hybrid Learning With Expert Augmentationcited by 17
- 2022Trust in AI: Interpretability is not necessary or sufficient, while black-box interaction is necessary and sufficientcited by 13
- 2024Hybrid2 Neural ODE Causal Modeling and an Application to Glycemic Responsecited by 13
- 2024Knowledge-guided Machine Learning: Current Trends and Future Prospectscited by 13
- 2025Stable Port-Hamiltonian Neural Networkscited by 13
- 2021Physics-constrained Deep Learning for Robust Inverse ECG Modelingcited by 12
- 2022Multiscale Neural Operator: Learning Fast and Grid-independent PDE Solverscited by 12
- 2024Physics-Enhanced Machine Learning: a position paper for dynamical systems investigationscited by 11
- 2023Pseudo-Hamiltonian neural networks for learning partial differential equationscited by 10
- 2025Evolutionary Optimization of Physics-Informed Neural Networks: Evo-PINN Frontiers and Opportunitiescited by 10
- 2024Adaptive Process-Guided Learning: An Application in Predicting Lake DO Concentrationscited by 9
- 2023Physics-Regulated Deep Reinforcement Learning: Invariant Embeddingscited by 8
- 2024Physics-informed Generalizable Wireless Channel Modeling with Segmentation and Deep Learning: Fundamentals, Methodologies, and Challengescited by 8
- 2022Predicting waves in fluids with deep neural networkcited by 7
- 2022A Review of Machine Learning Methods Applied to Structural Dynamics and Vibroacousticcited by 7
- 2022Requirements Engineering for Machine Learning: A Review and Reflectioncited by 7
- 2023Digital Twins in Wind Energy: Emerging Technologies and Industry-Informed Future Directionscited by 7
- 2023Learning to Predict 3D Rotational Dynamics from Images of a Rigid Body with Unknown Mass Distributioncited by 7
- 2024Randomized Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Bayesian Data Assimilationcited by 7
- 2024ExoTST: Exogenous-Aware Temporal Sequence Transformer for Time Series Predictioncited by 7
- 2021Enhancing predictive skills in physically-consistent way: Physics Informed Machine Learning for Hydrological Processescited by 6
- 2023Efficient Bayesian Physics Informed Neural Networks for Inverse Problems via Ensemble Kalman Inversioncited by 6
- 2023Learning the solution operator of two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using physics-aware convolutional neural networkscited by 6
- 2023Time Series Predictions in Unmonitored Sites: A Survey of Machine Learning Techniques in Water Resourcescited by 6
- 2021Failure-averse Active Learning for Physics-constrained Systemscited by 5
- 2022Separable PINN: Mitigating the Curse of Dimensionality in Physics-Informed Neural Networkscited by 5
- 2023Augmenting a Physics-Informed Neural Network for the 2D Burgers Equation by Addition of Solution Data Pointscited by 5
- 2023Koopman Invertible Autoencoder: Leveraging Forward and Backward Dynamics for Temporal Modelingcited by 5
- 2021Making Invisible Visible: Data-Driven Seismic Inversion with Spatio-temporally Constrained Data Augmentationcited by 4
- 2022Tunable Complexity Benchmarks for Evaluating Physics-Informed Neural Networks on Coupled Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 4
- 2023Eco-PiNN: A Physics-informed Neural Network for Eco-toll Estimationcited by 4
- 2023Entity Aware Modelling: A Surveycited by 4
- 2023Physics-informed neural networks modeling for systems with moving immersed boundaries: application to an unsteady flow past a plunging foilcited by 4
- 2023Reduced Simulations for High-Energy Physics, a Middle Ground for Data-Driven Physics Researchcited by 4
- 2026Digital Twin AI: Opportunities and Challenges from Large Language Models to World Modelscited by 4
- 2021Hybrid physics-based and data-driven modeling with calibrated uncertainty for lithium-ion battery degradation diagnosis and prognosiscited by 3
- 2022ChemTab: A Physics Guided Chemistry Modeling Frameworkcited by 3
- 2023Learning Absorption Rates in Glucose-Insulin Dynamics from Meal Covariatescited by 3
50 most cited of 160 All 160 (JSON)
- 2026PhyRestore: Physics-Structured Latent-Factor Restoration17 Sep 2026
- 2026Development and Validation of a Physics-Guided Machine Learning Extrapolation Framework Using a Classical Transient Diffusion Benchmark9 Sep 2026
- 2026Revalidation Beats Stateful Routing for Scientific Surrogates Under Distribution Shift31 Aug 2026
- 2026Seasonality-Aware Hybrid Convolutional Transformer for Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration Forecasting31 Aug 2026
- 2026Dynamics-Aware Weighting for Deep Learning Forecasts of Chaotic Systems23 Aug 2026
- 2026Structured Neural Modeling of Daily Arctic Sea-Ice Concentration Evolution: Physical-Trajectory-Driven Learning and Forecast-Domain Adaptation22 Aug 2026
- 2026Physics-Knowledge-Guided Hybrid Neural Learning for Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Evolution and Short-Range Prediction22 Aug 2026
- 2026The Cost of a Physics Prior Is Bounded by the Ablation Gap21 Aug 2026
- 2026Complementary, Not Cumulative: Interaction Effects in Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Navier-Stokes Vortex Shedding20 Aug 2026
- 2026ER-KANs: Efficient and Robust Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Data-Scarce Scientific Machine Learning14 Aug 2026
- 2026Physics-Informed CNN-LSTM for Street-Scale Urban Flood Prediction: Reconciling Aggregate Accuracy and Street-Level Plausibility27 Jul 2026
- 2026StageGuard: Physiologically Constrained Sleep Staging25 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026TRACTA: Benchmarking Temporal Reasoning over Semantic Trajectories24 Jul 2026
- 2026PIER: Physics-Informed Environmental Retrieval for Time-Series Modeling22 Jul 2026
- 2026AI-Augmented Adaptive Digital Twin Modeling for Brain Tumor Evolution Prediction and Treatment Scheduling15 Jul 2026
- 2026Physics-Informed Machine Learning Under Small-Data Constraints: Lessons from Abrasive Waterjet Milling8 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-Fidelity SINDy: Sparse Discovery of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Fidelity-Weighted Measurements14 Jun 2026
- 2026How Low Can You Go? Active Learning for Sparse Model Discovery in the Ultra-Low-Data Limit10 Jun 2026
- 2026CHAM-net: A Contrastive Hierarchical Adaptive Meta-network for Robust Global Methane Flux Prediction29 May 2026
- 2026Do Physics Foundation Models Learn Generalizable Physics? A Bias-Aware Benchmark Across Physical Regimes and Distribution Shifts28 May 2026
- 2026The Perception-Physics Paradox: Probing Scientific Alignment with TC-Bench23 May 2026
- 2026Open datasets and machine learning for two-phase heat transfer: a review following a spatial-temporal taxonomy21 May 2026
- 2026Frequency Bias and OOD Generalization in Neural Operators under a Variable-Coefficient Wave Equation13 May 2026
- 2026OceanCBM: A Concept Bottleneck Model for Mechanistic Interpretability in Ocean Forecasting12 May 2026
- 2026PILIR: Physics-Informed Local Implicit Representation1 May 2026
- 2026Improving Performance in Classification Tasks with LCEN and the Weighted Focal Differentiable MCC Loss23 Apr 2026
- 2026Expert-Guided Class-Conditional Goodness-of-Fit Scores for Interpretable Classification with Informative Missingness: An Application to Seismic Monitoring16 Apr 2026
- 2026Depth-Resolved Coral Reef Thermal Fields from Satellite SST and Sparse In-Situ Loggers Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks14 Apr 2026
- 2026DSPR: Dual-Stream Physics-Residual Networks for Trustworthy Industrial Time Series Forecasting8 Apr 2026
- 2026Informed Machine Learning with Knowledge Landmarks31 Mar 2026
- 2026A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Crop Prediction Tasks via Dynamic Parameter Calibration and Multi-Task Learning16 Mar 2026
- 2026CarbonBench: A Global Benchmark for Upscaling of Carbon Fluxes Using Zero-Shot Learning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Two Teachers Better Than One: Hardware-Physics Co-Guided Distributed Scientific Machine Learning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Monotropic Artificial Intelligence: Toward a Cognitive Taxonomy of Domain-Specialized Language Models27 Feb 2026
- 2026Structured Hybrid Mechanistic Models for Robust Estimation of Time-Dependent Intervention Outcomes11 Feb 2026
- 2026Physics-Encoded Inverse Modeling for Arctic Snow Depth Estimation23 Jan 2026
- 2026Cascaded Transformer for Robust and Scalable SLA Decomposition via Amortized Optimization17 Jan 2026
- 2026Out-of-distribution generalization of deep-learning surrogates for 2D PDE-generated dynamics in the small-data regime13 Jan 2026
- 2026Dual-Level Models for Physics-Informed Multi-Step Time Series Forecasting12 Jan 2026
- 2026Digital Twin AI: Opportunities and Challenges from Large Language Models to World Models4 Jan 2026
- 2025Agentic Physical AI toward a Domain-Specific Foundation Model for Energy Systems: A Case Study on Nuclear Reactor Control29 Dec 2025
- 2025Knowledge-Guided Masked Autoencoder with Linear Spectral Mixing and Spectral-Angle-Aware Reconstruction13 Dec 2025
- 2025AdS/Deep-Learning made easy II: neural network-based approaches to holography and inverse problems27 Nov 2025
- 2025Ensemble based Closed-Loop Optimal Control using Physics-Informed Neural Networks21 Oct 2025
- 2025SoC-DT: Standard-of-Care Aligned Digital Twins for Patient-Specific Tumor Dynamics29 Sep 2025
- 2025PHASE: Physics-Integrated, Heterogeneity-Aware Surrogates for Scientific Simulations27 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning to Retrieve for Environmental Knowledge Discovery: An Augmentation-Adaptive Self-Supervised Learning Framework18 Sep 2025
- 2025Knowledge-Guided Adaptive Mixture of Experts for Precipitation Prediction14 Sep 2025
- 2025Physics-guided denoiser network for enhanced additive manufacturing data quality31 Jul 2025
- 2025LVM-GP: Uncertainty-Aware PDE Solver via coupling latent variable model and Gaussian process30 Jul 2025
50 newest of 160 All 160 (JSON)
- 2021Finite Basis Physics-Informed Neural Networks (FBPINNs): a scalable domain decomposition approach for solving differential equationscited by 142
- 2022Physics-Informed Machine Learning: A Survey on Problems, Methods and Applicationscited by 88
- 2022Continuous PDE Dynamics Forecasting with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 71
- 2023Graph Neural Networks for temporal graphs: State of the art, open challenges, and opportunitiescited by 60
- 2024Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Needs, Techniques, Applications, and Future Directioncited by 46
- 2021A Framework for Machine Learning of Model Error in Dynamical Systemscited by 37
- 2022NeuralUQ: A comprehensive library for uncertainty quantification in neural differential equations and operatorscited by 33
- 2021Review of Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Methods: Comparing Deep Learning and Knowledge-based Approachescited by 30
- 2022Physics-informed neural networks for PDE-constrained optimization and controlcited by 19
- 2021Physics-enhanced deep surrogates for partial differential equationscited by 18
- 2023IB-UQ: Information bottleneck based uncertainty quantification for neural function regression and neural operator learningcited by 18
- 2024Importance-Aware Adaptive Dataset Distillationcited by 18
12 most cited of 155 All 155 (JSON)
- 2026PhyRestore: Physics-Structured Latent-Factor Restoration17 Sep 2026
- 2026Development and Validation of a Physics-Guided Machine Learning Extrapolation Framework Using a Classical Transient Diffusion Benchmark9 Sep 2026
- 2026Revalidation Beats Stateful Routing for Scientific Surrogates Under Distribution Shift31 Aug 2026
- 2026Seasonality-Aware Hybrid Convolutional Transformer for Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration Forecasting31 Aug 2026
- 2026Dynamics-Aware Weighting for Deep Learning Forecasts of Chaotic Systems23 Aug 2026
- 2026Structured Neural Modeling of Daily Arctic Sea-Ice Concentration Evolution: Physical-Trajectory-Driven Learning and Forecast-Domain Adaptation22 Aug 2026
- 2026Physics-Knowledge-Guided Hybrid Neural Learning for Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Evolution and Short-Range Prediction22 Aug 2026
- 2026The Cost of a Physics Prior Is Bounded by the Ablation Gap21 Aug 2026
- 2026Complementary, Not Cumulative: Interaction Effects in Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Navier-Stokes Vortex Shedding20 Aug 2026
- 2026ER-KANs: Efficient and Robust Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Data-Scarce Scientific Machine Learning14 Aug 2026
- 2026Physics-Informed CNN-LSTM for Street-Scale Urban Flood Prediction: Reconciling Aggregate Accuracy and Street-Level Plausibility27 Jul 2026
- 2026StageGuard: Physiologically Constrained Sleep Staging25 Jul 2026
12 newest of 155 All 155 (JSON)