mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reports

arXiv 1901.07441 ↗First posted 22 Jan 2019eess.IV cs.CVcited by 308

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 48 in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We present a labeled large-scale, high resolution chest x-ray dataset for the automated exploration of medical images along with their associated reports. This dataset includes more than 160,000 images obtained from 67,000 patients that were interpreted and reported by radiologists at Hospital San Juan Hospital (Spain) from 2009 to 2017, covering six different position views and additional information on image acquisition and patient demography. The reports were labeled with 174 different radiographic findings, 19 differential diagnoses and 104 anatomic locations organized as a hierarchical taxonomy and mapped onto standard Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) terminology. Of these reports, 27% were manually annotated by trained physicians and the remaining set was labeled using a supervised method based on a recurrent neural network with attention mechanisms. The labels generated were then validated in an independent test set achieving a 0.93 Micro-F1 score. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest public chest x-ray database suitable for training supervised models concerning radiographs, and the first to contain radiographic reports in Spanish. The PadChest dataset can be downloaded from http://bimcv.cipf.es/bimcv-projects/padchest/.

Key facts. Cited by 308 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Jan 2019.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 34; 2022: 36; 2023: 45; 2024: 77; 2025: 52; 2026: 64.

308 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Making the Most of Text Semantics to Improve Biomedical Vision--Language Processingcited by 336
  2. 2021RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reportscited by 310
  3. 2022Transformers in Medical Imaging: A Surveycited by 245
  4. 2021VisualGPT: Data-efficient Adaptation of Pretrained Language Models for Image Captioningcited by 190
  5. 2023Towards Generalist Foundation Model for Radiology by Leveraging Web-scale 2D&3D Medical Datacited by 176
  6. 2023A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethicscited by 162
  7. 2024MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generationcited by 140
  8. 2021TorchXRayVision: A library of chest X-ray datasets and modelscited by 131
  9. 2024Exploring scalable medical image encoders beyond text supervisioncited by 129
  10. 2023Knowledge-enhanced Visual-Language Pre-training on Chest Radiology Imagescited by 128
  11. 2024GREEN: Generative Radiology Report Evaluation and Error Notationcited by 124
  12. 2024CheXpert Plus: Augmenting a Large Chest X-ray Dataset with Text Radiology Reports, Patient Demographics and Additional Image Formatscited by 100
38 more
  1. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Scientific Large Language Models and Their Applications in Scientific Discoverycited by 96
  2. 2021Chest ImaGenome Dataset for Clinical Reasoningcited by 89
  3. 2021Deep Learning for Chest X-ray Analysis: A Surveycited by 84
  4. 2024MedTrinity-25M: A Large-scale Multimodal Dataset with Multigranular Annotations for Medicinecited by 79
  5. 2023A Foundation Language-Image Model of the Retina (FLAIR): Encoding Expert Knowledge in Text Supervisioncited by 78
  6. 2023Advancing Radiograph Representation Learning with Masked Record Modelingcited by 75
  7. 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspectivecited by 73
  8. 2024FairCLIP: Harnessing Fairness in Vision-Language Learningcited by 69
  9. 2023Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Futurecited by 61
  10. 2023Med-UniC: Unifying Cross-Lingual Medical Vision-Language Pre-Training by Diminishing Biascited by 57
  11. 2024ROCOv2: Radiology Objects in COntext Version 2, an Updated Multimodal Image Datasetcited by 54
  12. 2022Concept-level Debugging of Part-Prototype Networkscited by 52
  13. 2023AbdomenAtlas-8K: Annotating 8,000 CT Volumes for Multi-Organ Segmentation in Three Weekscited by 52
  14. 2024Towards a clinically accessible radiology foundation model: open-access and lightweight, with automated evaluationcited by 51
  15. 2021COVID-19 Infection Localization and Severity Grading from Chest X-ray Imagescited by 46
  16. 2024Automated Radiology Report Generation: A Review of Recent Advancescited by 43
  17. 2023CLIP in Medical Imaging: A Surveycited by 40
  18. 2024CARZero: Cross-Attention Alignment for Radiology Zero-Shot Classificationcited by 40
  19. 2024The Clever Hans Mirage: A Comprehensive Survey on Spurious Correlations in Machine Learningcited by 39
  20. 2024PadChest-GR: A Bilingual Chest X-ray Dataset for Grounded Radiology Report Generationcited by 35
  21. 2021REFLACX, a dataset of reports and eye-tracking data for localization of abnormalities in chest x-rayscited by 34
  22. 2023CheXmask: a large-scale dataset of anatomical segmentation masks for multi-center chest x-ray imagescited by 33
  23. 2021An Empirical Framework for Domain Generalization in Clinical Settingscited by 32
  24. 2023Cascaded Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Chest X-ray Synthesiscited by 32
  25. 2022Self-supervised Learning from 100 Million Medical Imagescited by 31
  26. 2022Explainable Deep Learning Methods in Medical Image Classification: A Surveycited by 31
  27. 2024Review of multimodal machine learning approaches in healthcarecited by 30
  28. 2024Libra: Leveraging Temporal Images for Biomedical Radiology Analysiscited by 29
  29. 2021VisualCheXbert: Addressing the Discrepancy Between Radiology Report Labels and Image Labelscited by 27
  30. 2022Addressing Fairness Issues in Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Reviewcited by 27
  31. 2024Decomposing Disease Descriptions for Enhanced Pathology Detection: A Multi-Aspect Vision-Language Pre-training Frameworkcited by 27
  32. 2022Breaking with Fixed Set Pathology Recognition through Report-Guided Contrastive Trainingcited by 26
  33. 2022Improving anatomical plausibility in medical image segmentation via hybrid graph neural networks: applications to chest x-ray analysiscited by 25
  34. 2023GazeGNN: A Gaze-Guided Graph Neural Network for Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 25
  35. 2022Detailed Annotations of Chest X-Rays via CT Projection for Report Understandingcited by 24
  36. 2023Accurate Fine-Grained Segmentation of Human Anatomy in Radiographs via Volumetric Pseudo-Labelingcited by 24
  37. 2023Medical Vision Language Pretraining: A surveycited by 24
  38. 2024Demographic Bias of Expert-Level Vision-Language Foundation Models in Medical Imagingcited by 24

50 most cited of 308 All 308 (JSON)