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PadChest-GR: A Bilingual Chest X-ray Dataset for Grounded Radiology Report Generation

arXiv 2411.05085 ↗First posted 7 Nov 2024cs.AI cs.CL cs.CVcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to create free-text radiology reports from clinical imaging. Grounded radiology report generation (GRRG) extends RRG by including the localisation of individual findings on the image. Currently, there are no manually annotated chest X-ray (CXR) datasets to train GRRG models. In this work, we present a dataset called PadChest-GR (Grounded-Reporting) derived from PadChest aimed at training GRRG models for CXR images. We curate a public bi-lingual dataset of 4,555 CXR studies with grounded reports (3,099 abnormal and 1,456 normal), each containing complete lists of sentences describing individual present (positive) and absent (negative) findings in English and Spanish. In total, PadChest-GR contains 7,037 positive and 3,422 negative finding sentences. Every positive finding sentence is associated with up to two independent sets of bounding boxes labelled by different readers and has categorical labels for finding type, locations, and progression. To the best of our knowledge, PadChest-GR is the first manually curated dataset designed to train GRRG models for understanding and interpreting radiological images and generated text. By including detailed localization and comprehensive annotations of all clinically relevant findings, it provides a valuable resource for developing and evaluating GRRG models from CXR images. PadChest-GR can be downloaded under request from https://bimcv.cipf.es/bimcv-projects/padchest-gr/

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2024.

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11 of 27 references.

References · 11

  1. 2019CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparisoncited by 1,410
  2. 2017ChestX-ray8: Hospital-scale Chest X-ray Database and Benchmarks on Weakly-Supervised Classification and Localization of Common Thorax Diseasescited by 969
  3. 2019PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reportscited by 308
  4. 2020VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologist's annotationscited by 236
  5. 2018Explainable Prediction of Medical Codes from Clinical Textcited by 231
  6. 2024MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generationcited by 140
  7. 2024CheXpert Plus: Augmenting a Large Chest X-ray Dataset with Text Radiology Reports, Patient Demographics and Additional Image Formatscited by 100
  8. 2024Multimodal Healthcare AI: Identifying and Designing Clinically Relevant Vision-Language Applications for Radiologycited by 45
  9. 2023Exploring the Boundaries of GPT-4 in Radiologycited by 31
  10. 2023In the Name of Fairness: Assessing the Bias in Clinical Record De-identificationcited by 9
  11. 2022Localization supervision of chest x-ray classifiers using label-specific eye-tracking annotationcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 12; 2026: 23.

35 papers.

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  1. 2025RadVLM: A Multitask Conversational Vision-Language Model for Radiologycited by 24
  2. 2025ReXGroundingCT: A 3D Chest CT Dataset for Segmentation of Findings from Free-Text Reportscited by 16
  3. 2025NOVA: A Benchmark for Anomaly Localization and Clinical Reasoning in Brain MRIcited by 12
  4. 2025CXReasonBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Diagnostic Reasoning in Chest X-rayscited by 5
  5. 2025Toward Clinically Explainable AI for Medical Diagnosis: A Foundation Model with Human-Compatible Reasoning via Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  6. 2025Instruction-Guided Lesion Segmentation for Chest X-rays with Automatically Generated Large-Scale Datasetcited by 5
  7. 2026Overconfidence and Calibration in Medical VQA: Empirical Findings and Hallucination-Aware Mitigationcited by 5
  8. 2026Handling Supervision Scarcity in Chest X-ray Classification: Long-Tailed and Zero-Shot Learningcited by 4
  9. 2026Overview of the CXR-LT 2026 Challenge: Multi-Center Long-Tailed and Zero Shot Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 3
  10. 2025See-in-Pairs: Reference Image-Guided Comparative Vision-Language Models for Medical Diagnosiscited by 2
  11. 2026Step-CoT: Stepwise Visual Chain-of-Thought for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 2
  12. 2025Enhancing Abnormality Grounding for Vision Language Models with Knowledge Descriptionscited by 1
23 more
  1. 2025Knowledge to Sight: Reasoning over Visual Attributes via Knowledge Decomposition for Abnormality Groundingcited by 1
  2. 2025RadGame: An AI-Powered Platform for Radiology Educationcited by 1
  3. 2025Generalised Medical Phrase Groundingcited by 1
  4. 2026AnatomiX, an Anatomy-Aware Grounded Multimodal Large Language Model for Chest X-Ray Interpretationcited by 1
  5. 2026CURE: Curriculum-guided Multi-task Training for Reliable Anatomy Grounded Report Generationcited by 1
  6. 2026Leveraging Data to Say No: Memory Augmented Plug-and-Play Selective Predictioncited by 1
  7. 2026Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Radiology Report Generationcited by 1
  8. 2026CXR-LT 2026 Challenge: Multi-Center Long-Tailed and Zero Shot Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 1
  9. 2026Concept-Guided Noisy Negative Suppression for Zero-Shot Classification and Grounding of Chest X-Ray Findingscited by 1
  10. 2026MRI2Rep: Autoregressive Structured Report Generation for 3D Liver MRIcited by 1
  11. 2026RadSight: Towards Perceptually Reliable Multimodal Radiology Image Understandingcited by 1
  12. 2025A Generative Framework for Bidirectional Image-Report Understanding in Chest Radiographycited by 0
  13. 2026Measuring and Aligning Abstraction in Vision-Language Models with Medical Taxonomiescited by 0
  14. 2026LoFi: Location-Aware Fine-Grained Representation Learning for Chest X-raycited by 0
  15. 2026Beyond Masks: The Case for Medical Image Parsingcited by 0
  16. 2026SHOVIR: A Benchmark for Evaluating Vision Shortcut Learning in Radiology Report Generationcited by 0
  17. 2026GRCD: Grounded Region Change Detection for Multi-Finding Chest X-Ray Pairscited by 0
  18. 2026Evaluating and Understanding Model Editing for Medical Vision Language Modelscited by 0
  19. 2026Reconfigurable Radiology Labels Without Relabelingcited by 0
  20. 2026Location-Aware Fine-Grained Representation Learning for Medical Vision Foundation Modelscited by 0
  21. 2026CheXGround: Anatomical Region Tokens for Grounded Longitudinal Chest X-ray Interpretationcited by 0
  22. 2026AlphaRAD: Grounded Zero-Shot Classification in Chest Radiology via α-Corrected Binary Cross Entropy and Factorized Latent Supervisioncited by 0
  23. 2026UltraG-Bench: A Multi-task Benchmark for assessing Large Vision-Language Models on Pixel-level Evidence Grounding in Ultrasoundcited by 0