mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Cascaded Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Chest X-ray Synthesis

arXiv 2303.11224 ↗First posted 20 Mar 2023eess.IV cs.CV cs.LGcited by 32

On the map: Diffusion models → Medical imaging and segmentation

Abstract (arXiv)

While recent advances in large-scale foundational models show promising results, their application to the medical domain has not yet been explored in detail. In this paper, we progress into the realms of large-scale modeling in medical synthesis by proposing Cheff - a foundational cascaded latent diffusion model, which generates highly-realistic chest radiographs providing state-of-the-art quality on a 1-megapixel scale. We further propose MaCheX, which is a unified interface for public chest datasets and forms the largest open collection of chest X-rays up to date. With Cheff conditioned on radiological reports, we further guide the synthesis process over text prompts and unveil the research area of report-to-chest-X-ray generation.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical imaging and segmentation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 29 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2023.

Builds on

29 of 38 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Generation of Anonymous Chest Radiographs Using Latent Diffusion Models for Training Thoracic Abnormality Classification Systems2 Nov
  2. 2022Spot the fake lungs: Generating Synthetic Medical Images using Neural Diffusion Models2 Nov
  3. 2022Adapting Pretrained Vision-Language Foundational Models to Medical Imaging Domains9 Oct
  4. 2022Diffusion Models for Medical Anomaly Detection8 Mar

Other references · 25

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  7. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  8. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  9. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  10. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  11. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  12. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
13 more
  1. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  2. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
  3. 2019CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparisoncited by 1,410
  4. 2017ChestX-ray8: Hospital-scale Chest X-ray Database and Benchmarks on Weakly-Supervised Classification and Localization of Common Thorax Diseasescited by 969
  5. 2017CheXNet: Radiologist-Level Pneumonia Detection on Chest X-Rays with Deep Learningcited by 459
  6. 2019PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reportscited by 308
  7. 2020VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologist's annotationscited by 236
  8. 2021Exploring and Distilling Posterior and Prior Knowledge for Radiology Report Generationcited by 160
  9. 2019Clinically Accurate Chest X-Ray Report Generationcited by 138
  10. 2021Deep Learning-based Patient Re-identification Is able to Exploit the Biometric Nature of Medical Chest X-ray Datacited by 38
  11. 2021GAN-based Data Augmentation for Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 18
  12. 2020Evaluating the Clinical Realism of Synthetic Chest X-Rays Generated Using Progressively Growing GANscited by 17
  13. 2021GAN-based disentanglement learning for chest X-ray rib suppressioncited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 8.

32 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2023Prompt Engineering for Healthcare: Methodologies and Applicationscited by 52
  2. 2023Deep Learning Approaches for Data Augmentation in Medical Imaging: A Reviewcited by 48
  3. 2024Generative AI for Synthetic Data Across Multiple Medical Modalities: A Systematic Review of Recent Developments and Challengescited by 24
  4. 2023Synthetically Enhanced: Unveiling Synthetic Data's Potential in Medical Imaging Researchcited by 18
  5. 2024ReXErr: Synthesizing Clinically Meaningful Errors in Diagnostic Radiology Reportscited by 9
  6. 2025Knowledge Bridger: Towards Training-free Missing Modality Completioncited by 9
  7. 2024XReal: Realistic Anatomy and Pathology-Aware X-ray Generation via Controllable Diffusion Modelcited by 8
  8. 2025Improving Performance, Robustness, and Fairness of Radiographic AI Models with Finely-Controllable Synthetic Datacited by 7
  9. 2024Addressing Asynchronicity in Clinical Multimodal Fusion via Individualized Chest X-ray Generationcited by 6
  10. 2025Toward Medical Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Dataset and Novel Methodcited by 6
  11. 2024Physics-Inspired Generative Models in Medical Imaging: A Reviewcited by 5
  12. 2025CheXGenBench: A Unified Benchmark For Fidelity, Privacy and Utility of Synthetic Chest Radiographscited by 5
20 more
  1. 2024From Pampas to Pixels: Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models for Ga'ucho Heritagecited by 3
  2. 2024TiBiX: Leveraging Temporal Information for Bidirectional X-ray and Report Generationcited by 3
  3. 2024BS-LDM: Effective Bone Suppression in High-Resolution Chest X-Ray Images with Conditional Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  4. 2024Rapid Review of Generative AI in Smart Medical Applicationscited by 2
  5. 2024Towards Predicting Temporal Changes in a Patient's Chest X-ray Images based on Electronic Health Recordscited by 2
  6. 2025Towards Better Cephalometric Landmark Detection with Diffusion Data Generationcited by 2
  7. 2026Scaling Generative Foundation Models for Chest Radiography with Rectified Flow Transformerscited by 2
  8. 2023Post-hoc Orthogonalization for Mitigation of Protected Feature Bias in CXR Embeddingscited by 1
  9. 2025Anatomy-Grounded Weakly Supervised Prompt Tuning for Chest X-ray Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  10. 2025GL-LCM: Global-Local Latent Consistency Models for Fast High-Resolution Bone Suppression in Chest X-Ray Imagescited by 1
  11. 2026Generating Chest X-Ray Counterfactuals by Specialising Foundation Image Modelscited by 1
  12. 2025VICCA: Visual Interpretation and Comprehension of Chest X-ray Anomalies in Generated Report Without Human Feedbackcited by 0
  13. 2025Prompt Mechanisms in Medical Imaging: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 0
  14. 2025AURAD: Anatomy-Pathology Unified Radiology Synthesis with Progressive Representationscited by 0
  15. 2026Semantically Conditioned Diffusion Models for Cerebral DSA Synthesiscited by 0
  16. 2026CSEval: A Framework for Evaluating Clinical Semantics in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
  17. 2026DiffusionXRay: A Diffusion and GAN-Based Approach for Enhancing Digitally Reconstructed Chest Radiographscited by 0
  18. 2026NAMD: Virtual Follow-up Computed Tomography Synthesis via Nodule-Aligned Multimodal Diffusion Models for Early Lung Cancer Diagnosiscited by 0
  19. 20262D Versus 3D Diffusion for In Silico Training of Interventional X-ray AI Modelscited by 0
  20. 2026JustLLMGRPO: Radiographic Control for Chest X-Ray Generationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Exploring Foundation Models for Synthetic Medical Imaging: A Study on Chest X-Rays and Fine-Tuning Techniques
  2. 2026ECHO: Efficient Chest X-ray Report Generation with One-step Block Diffusion
  3. 2026CONFLUX: A Latent Diffusion Model for 3D Chest-CT Synthesis with RL Post-Training
  4. 2026UniX: Unifying Autoregression and Diffusion for Chest X-Ray Understanding and Generation
  5. 2026A data- and compute-efficient chest X-ray foundation model beyond aggressive scaling
  6. 2024Chest-Diffusion: A Light-Weight Text-to-Image Model for Report-to-CXR Generation
  7. 2025A Generative Foundation Model for Chest Radiography
  8. 2022RoentGen: Vision-Language Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Generation