Adversary Aware Continual Learning
On the map: LLM safety and security → Backdoor and data poisoning attacks
Abstract (arXiv)
Class incremental learning approaches are useful as they help the model to learn new information (classes) sequentially, while also retaining the previously acquired information (classes). However, it has been shown that such approaches are extremely vulnerable to the adversarial backdoor attacks, where an intelligent adversary can introduce small amount of misinformation to the model in the form of imperceptible backdoor pattern during training to cause deliberate forgetting of a specific task or class at test time. In this work, we propose a novel defensive framework to counter such an insidious attack where, we use the attacker's primary strength-hiding the backdoor pattern by making it imperceptible to humans-against it, and propose to learn a perceptible (stronger) pattern (also during the training) that can overpower the attacker's imperceptible (weaker) pattern. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed defensive mechanism through various commonly used Replay-based (both generative and exact replay-based) class incremental learning algorithms using continual learning benchmark variants of CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and MNIST datasets. Most noteworthy, our proposed defensive framework does not assume that the attacker's target task and target class is known to the defender. The defender is also unaware of the shape, size, and location of the attacker's pattern. We show that our proposed defensive framework considerably improves the performance of class incremental learning algorithms with no knowledge of the attacker's target task, attacker's target class, and attacker's imperceptible pattern. We term our defensive framework as Adversary Aware Continual Learning (AACL).
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Backdoor and data poisoning attacks, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 42 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2023.
Builds on
42 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
- 2021Adversarial Targeted Forgetting in Regularization and Generative Based Continual Learning Models16 Feb
Other references · 41
- 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
- 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,155
- 2019Theoretically Principled Trade-off between Robustness and Accuracycited by 1,517
- 2019Natural Adversarial Examplescited by 1,408
- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,158
- 2017BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chaincited by 1,106
- 2018Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labelscited by 997
- 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
- 2018Robustness May Be at Odds with Accuracycited by 880
- 2020Fast is better than free: Revisiting adversarial trainingcited by 727
- 2019Adversarial Training for Free!cited by 643
- 2019Three scenarios for continual learningcited by 614
29 more
- 2020Learning from Noisy Labels with Deep Neural Networks: A Surveycited by 582
- 2018Fine-Pruning: Defending Against Backdooring Attacks on Deep Neural Networkscited by 580
- 2018Poison Frogs! Targeted Clean-Label Poisoning Attacks on Neural Networkscited by 519
- 2018Spectral Signatures in Backdoor Attackscited by 484
- 2019STRIP: A Defence Against Trojan Attacks on Deep Neural Networkscited by 459
- 2018Detecting Backdoor Attacks on Deep Neural Networks by Activation Clusteringcited by 456
- 2020Class-incremental learning: survey and performance evaluation on image classificationcited by 449
- 2016Transferability in Machine Learning: from Phenomena to Black-Box Attacks using Adversarial Samplescited by 446
- 2021Recent Advances in Adversarial Training for Adversarial Robustnesscited by 279
- 2018Adversarial Attacks and Defences: A Surveycited by 259
- 2019You Only Propagate Once: Accelerating Adversarial Training via Maximal Principlecited by 183
- 2016Grad-CAM: Why did you say that?cited by 161
- 2019Adversarial Training Can Hurt Generalizationcited by 132
- 2019A continual learning survey: Defying forgetting in classification taskscited by 118
- 2018Generative replay with feedback connections as a general strategy for continual learningcited by 104
- 2020iTAML: An Incremental Task-Agnostic Meta-learning Approachcited by 90
- 2020Rethinking the Trigger of Backdoor Attackcited by 77
- 2018Generative Models from the perspective of Continual Learningcited by 69
- 2018Adversarial Examples: Opportunities and Challengescited by 63
- 2019Model Agnostic Defence against Backdoor Attacks in Machine Learningcited by 52
- 2020Once-for-All Adversarial Training: In-Situ Tradeoff between Robustness and Accuracy for Freecited by 48
- 2019Poison as a Cure: Detecting & Neutralizing Variable-Sized Backdoor Attacks in Deep Neural Networkscited by 22
- 2020Targeted Forgetting and False Memory Formation in Continual Learners through Adversarial Backdoor Attackscited by 15
- 2018Taming the Cross Entropy Losscited by 10
- 2020Generative Feature Replay with Orthogonal Weight Modification for Continual Learningcited by 10
- 2018Distributed Weight Consolidation: A Brain Segmentation Case Studycited by 9
- 2022False Memory Formation in Continual Learners Through Imperceptible Backdoor Triggercited by 6
- 2022Improving transferability of 3D adversarial attacks with scale and shear transformationscited by 5
- 2021Rethinking Noisy Label Models: Labeler-Dependent Noise with Adversarial Awarenesscited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
3 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Robust Dynamic Expansion for Continual Learning under Backdoor Attacks via Purification and Selective Recovery
- 2024Attack On Prompt: Backdoor Attack in Prompt-Based Continual Learning
- 2024Persistent Backdoor Attacks in Continual Learning
- 2023Backdoor Attacks Against Incremental Learners: An Empirical Evaluation Study
- 2024Flatness-aware Sequential Learning Generates Resilient Backdoors
- 2026Rethinking Backdoor Adversarial Unlearning through the Lens of Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning
- 2026Theory of Continual Learning Against Data Poisoning Attacks
- 2025Adversarial Pseudo-replay for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learning