Efficient Attention: Attention with Linear Complexities
Not on the map. Why?
Cited by 33 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Dot-product attention has wide applications in computer vision and natural language processing. However, its memory and computational costs grow quadratically with the input size. Such growth prohibits its application on high-resolution inputs. To remedy this drawback, this paper proposes a novel efficient attention mechanism equivalent to dot-product attention but with substantially less memory and computational costs. Its resource efficiency allows more widespread and flexible integration of attention modules into a network, which leads to better accuracies. Empirical evaluations demonstrated the effectiveness of its advantages. Efficient attention modules brought significant performance boosts to object detectors and instance segmenters on MS-COCO 2017. Further, the resource efficiency democratizes attention to complex models, where high costs prohibit the use of dot-product attention. As an exemplar, a model with efficient attention achieved state-of-the-art accuracies for stereo depth estimation on the Scene Flow dataset. Code is available at https://github.com/cmsflash/efficient-attention.
Key facts. Cited by 366 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 34; 2022: 53; 2023: 55; 2024: 94; 2025: 80; 2026: 50.
366 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 768
- 2021CSDI: Conditional Score-based Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Imputationcited by 577
- 2021CoAtNet: Marrying Convolution and Attention for All Data Sizescited by 566
- 2021Linear Transformers Are Secretly Fast Weight Programmerscited by 471
- 2021Nystr"omformer: A Nystr"om-Based Algorithm for Approximating Self-Attentioncited by 468
- 2021XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformerscited by 335
- 2021Choose a Transformer: Fourier or Galerkincited by 333
- 2024SANA: Efficient High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Linear Diffusion Transformerscited by 331
- 2025YOLOv12: Attention-Centric Real-Time Object Detectorscited by 300
- 2023ReMoDiffuse: Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 282
38 more
- 2022CMX: Cross-Modal Fusion for RGB-X Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 229
- 2021Co-Scale Conv-Attentional Image Transformerscited by 224
- 2024Leave No Context Behind: Efficient Infinite Context Transformers with Infini-attentioncited by 194
- 2022Pure Transformers are Powerful Graph Learnerscited by 188
- 2023FLatten Transformer: Vision Transformer using Focused Linear Attentioncited by 170
- 2021Meta-learning via Language Model In-context Tuningcited by 163
- 2021Self-attention Does Not Need O(n2) Memorycited by 152
- 2023Spike-driven Transformercited by 141
- 2022MatchFormer: Interleaving Attention in Transformers for Feature Matchingcited by 126
- 2023Scalable Transformer for PDE Surrogate Modelingcited by 123
- 2023Token Fusion: Bridging the Gap between Token Pruning and Token Mergingcited by 123
- 2022Transforming Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 117
- 2023FineMoGen: Fine-Grained Spatio-Temporal Motion Generation and Editingcited by 105
- 2024Demystify Mamba in Vision: A Linear Attention Perspectivecited by 101
- 2024Dinomaly: The Less Is More Philosophy in Multi-Class Unsupervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 92
- 2023Agent Attention: On the Integration of Softmax and Linear Attentioncited by 90
- 2023MB-TaylorFormer: Multi-branch Efficient Transformer Expanded by Taylor Formula for Image Dehazingcited by 81
- 2023Diffusion Models Without Attentioncited by 75
- 2022HDNet: High-resolution Dual-domain Learning for Spectral Compressive Imagingcited by 66
- 2023Benchmarking Autoregressive Conditional Diffusion Models for Turbulent Flow Simulationcited by 65
- 2024Model Compression and Efficient Inference for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 62
- 2024DiffSHEG: A Diffusion-Based Approach for Real-Time Speech-driven Holistic 3D Expression and Gesture Generationcited by 61
- 2022CMT-DeepLab: Clustering Mask Transformers for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 60
- 2023MLIC++: Linear Complexity Multi-Reference Entropy Modeling for Learned Image Compressioncited by 56
- 2022Neural Texture Extraction and Distribution for Controllable Person Image Synthesiscited by 55
- 2022Hydra Attention: Efficient Attention with Many Headscited by 55
- 2024Asymptotic theory of in-context learning by linear attentioncited by 54
- 2023ImputeFormer: Low Rankness-Induced Transformers for Generalizable Spatiotemporal Imputationcited by 50
- 2024MVSFormer++: Revealing the Devil in Transformer's Details for Multi-View Stereocited by 49
- 2024Bridging the Divide: Reconsidering Softmax and Linear Attentioncited by 48
- 2022Divert More Attention to Vision-Language Trackingcited by 47
- 2021Efficient conformer: Progressive downsampling and grouped attention for automatic speech recognitioncited by 42
- 2022EfficientViT: Multi-Scale Linear Attention for High-Resolution Dense Predictioncited by 42
- 2024Diffusion-RWKV: Scaling RWKV-Like Architectures for Diffusion Modelscited by 41
- 2023MH-DETR: Video Moment and Highlight Detection with Cross-modal Transformercited by 40
- 2021Polarized Self-Attention: Towards High-quality Pixel-wise Regressioncited by 39
- 2024A Survey of Mambacited by 39
- 2022Visual Attention Methods in Deep Learning: An In-Depth Surveycited by 37
50 most cited of 366 All 366 (JSON)
- 2026Cluster Attention Neural Operators for Solving Parametric Partial Differential Equations30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel-Level Transformers in Remote Sensing: A Canopy Height Case Study29 Sep 2026
- 2026Elastic Threshold Attention: Learned Contextual Sparsity for Long-Context Decoding16 Sep 2026
- 2026From Deep to Shallow: Unconstrained and Efficient Layer Merging Strategy4 Sep 2026
- 2026StereoDiffuer: Diffusion-based Progressive Geometry Modeling with Saliency Attention Perception for Stereo Matching22 Aug 2026
- 2026A Generalized Optimization Engine (GOE) for Edge AI Inference Acceleration19 Aug 2026
- 2026MixFormer: Linear Transformer with Mixture of Memory Experts10 Aug 2026
- 2026AeroReformer2: Spoken-Query Referring Segmentation for Aerial Images9 Aug 2026
- 2026HSMLA: Hierarchical Softmax Multi-scale Linear Attention for Efficient Vision Transformers7 Aug 2026
- 2026AdaKAN: A dual-branch adaptive Kolmogorov-Arnold network for medical image segmentation24 Jul 2026
- 2026RED-PIM: Reducing Data Movement for Transformers using Processing-in-Memory23 Jul 2026
- 2026IMMoE: Incomplete Multi-View Anomaly Detection via Mixture of View Experts Fusion21 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026Kernelized Linear Attention: Breaking the Capacity Wall with Symmetric Cones19 Jul 2026
- 2026Self-Gating Attention for Efficient Time Series Forecasting2 Jul 2026
- 2026Neurosymbolics for Data Engineering: Achieving Long Context Token Reduction Without Finetuning30 Jun 2026
- 2026TuringViT: Making SOTA Vision Transformers Accessible to All23 Jun 2026
- 2026Keep The Essentials: Efficient Reference Conditioned Generation via Token Dropping22 Jun 2026
- 2026Attention mechanism for scalable mesh-based neural surrogates of free-surface fluids22 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning through Internalization18 Jun 2026
- 2026B[FM]2: Brain Foundation Model via Flow Matching with SplitUNet18 Jun 2026
- 2026K-Forcing: Joint Next-K-Token Decoding via Push-Forward Language Modeling9 Jun 2026
- 2026ATT-CR: Adaptive Triangular Transformer for Cloud Removal4 Jun 2026
- 2026Accelerating Vision Foundation Models with Drop-in Depthwise Convolution21 May 2026
- 2026DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawing20 May 2026
- 2026Do Vision Transformers Need All-to-All Attention? Global Communication Through Elastic Learned Cores12 May 2026
- 2026Structured Recurrent Mixers for Massively Parallelized Sequence Generation9 May 2026
- 2026Continuous Expert Assembly: Instance-Conditioned Low-Rank Residuals for All-in-One Image Restoration7 May 2026
- 2026Toeplitz MLP Mixers are Low Complexity, Information-Rich Sequence Models24 Apr 2026
- 2026climt-paraformer: Stable Emulation of Convective Parameterization using a Temporal Memory-aware Transformer22 Apr 2026
- 2026AdaCluster: Adaptive Query-Key Clustering for Sparse Attention in Video Generation20 Apr 2026
- 2026On The Application of Linear Attention in Multimodal Transformers11 Apr 2026
- 2026Tracing the Chain: Deep Learning for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection9 Apr 2026
- 2026RS-SSM: Refining Forgotten Specifics in State Space Model for Video Semantic Segmentation25 Mar 2026
- 2026WISTERIA: Weak Implicit Signal-based Temporal Relation Extraction with Attention24 Mar 2026
- 2026ViT-AdaLA: Adapting Vision Transformers with Linear Attention17 Mar 2026
- 2026PDE-SSM: A Spectral State Space Approach to Spatial Mixing in Diffusion Transformers14 Mar 2026
- 2026InfiniteDance: Scalable 3D Dance Generation Towards in-the-wild Generalization10 Mar 2026
- 2026BinaryAttention: One-Bit QK-Attention for Vision and Diffusion Transformers10 Mar 2026
- 2026Neural Dynamics Self-Attention for Spiking Transformers9 Mar 2026
- 2026Gated Differential Linear Attention: A Linear-Time Decoder for High-Fidelity Medical Segmentation3 Mar 2026
- 2026HiSAC: Hierarchical Sparse Activation Compression for Ultra-long Sequence Modeling in Recommenders24 Feb 2026
- 2026tttLRM: Test-Time Training for Long Context and Autoregressive 3D Reconstruction23 Feb 2026
- 2026Chimera: Neuro-Symbolic Attention Primitives for Trustworthy Dataplane Intelligence13 Feb 2026
- 2026HLA: Hadamard Linear Attention12 Feb 2026
- 2026ReGLA: Efficient Receptive-Field Modeling with Gated Linear Attention Network5 Feb 2026
- 2026MirrorLA: Reflecting Feature Map for Vision Linear Attention4 Feb 2026
- 2026Online Vector Quantized Attention3 Feb 2026
- 2026Softmax Linear Attention: Reclaiming Global Competition2 Feb 2026
- 2026Dynamic Differential Linear Attention: Enhancing Linear Diffusion Transformer for High-Quality Image Generation20 Jan 2026
- 2026MHLA: Restoring Expressivity of Linear Attention via Token-Level Multi-Head12 Jan 2026
50 newest of 366 All 366 (JSON)
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 768
- 2021CSDI: Conditional Score-based Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Imputationcited by 577
- 2024SANA: Efficient High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Linear Diffusion Transformerscited by 331
- 2023FineMoGen: Fine-Grained Spatio-Temporal Motion Generation and Editingcited by 105
- 2023Diffusion Models Without Attentioncited by 75
- 2023Benchmarking Autoregressive Conditional Diffusion Models for Turbulent Flow Simulationcited by 65
- 2024Diffusion-RWKV: Scaling RWKV-Like Architectures for Diffusion Modelscited by 41
- 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediatorscited by 24
- 2023FSDiffReg: Feature-wise and Score-wise Diffusion-guided Unsupervised Deformable Image Registration for Cardiac Imagescited by 18
- 2023LightGrad: Lightweight Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speechcited by 13
- 2023A 3D Conditional Diffusion Model for Image Quality Transfer -- An Application to Low-Field MRIcited by 13
- 2024SSM Meets Video Diffusion Models: Efficient Long-Term Video Generation with Structured State Spacescited by 13
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026Keep The Essentials: Efficient Reference Conditioned Generation via Token Dropping22 Jun 2026
- 2026B[FM]2: Brain Foundation Model via Flow Matching with SplitUNet18 Jun 2026
- 2026AdaCluster: Adaptive Query-Key Clustering for Sparse Attention in Video Generation20 Apr 2026
- 2026PDE-SSM: A Spectral State Space Approach to Spatial Mixing in Diffusion Transformers14 Mar 2026
- 2026BinaryAttention: One-Bit QK-Attention for Vision and Diffusion Transformers10 Mar 2026
- 2026Dynamic Differential Linear Attention: Enhancing Linear Diffusion Transformer for High-Quality Image Generation20 Jan 2026
- 2025AI killed the video star. Audio-driven diffusion model for expressive talking head generation27 Nov 2025
- 2025High-Quality Sound Separation Across Diverse Categories via Visually-Guided Generative Modeling26 Sep 2025
- 2025Improved Sub-Visible Particle Classification in Flow Imaging Microscopy via Generative AI-Based Image Synthesis8 Aug 2025
- 2025AudioGen-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Diffusion Transformer for Video-Synchronized Audio, Speech, and Song Generation1 Aug 2025
- 2025AsynFusion: Towards Asynchronous Latent Consistency Models for Decoupled Whole-Body Audio-Driven Avatars21 May 2025
- 2025Attention in Diffusion Model: A Survey1 Apr 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2024Demystify Mamba in Vision: A Linear Attention Perspectivecited by 101
- 2024A Survey of Mambacited by 39
- 2024VSSD: Vision Mamba with Non-Causal State Space Dualitycited by 29
- 2024Mamba or RWKV: Exploring High-Quality and High-Efficiency Segment Anything Modelcited by 18
- 2024Is Mamba Compatible with Trajectory Optimization in Offline Reinforcement Learning?cited by 7
- 2024Taipan: Efficient and Expressive State Space Language Models with Selective Attentioncited by 4
- 2025Data Efficient Any Transformer-to-Mamba Distillation via Attention Bridgecited by 4
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignmentcited by 2
- 2024Exploring contextual modeling with linear complexity for point cloud segmentationcited by 1
- 2026RS-SSM: Refining Forgotten Specifics in State Space Model for Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Mamba-3D as Masked Autoencoders for Accurate and Data-Efficient Analysis of Medical Ultrasound Videoscited by 0
- 2026RS-SSM: Refining Forgotten Specifics in State Space Model for Video Semantic Segmentation25 Mar 2026
- 2025Data Efficient Any Transformer-to-Mamba Distillation via Attention Bridge22 Oct 2025
- 2025Mamba-3D as Masked Autoencoders for Accurate and Data-Efficient Analysis of Medical Ultrasound Videos26 Mar 2025
- 2024Exploring contextual modeling with linear complexity for point cloud segmentation28 Oct 2024
- 2024Taipan: Efficient and Expressive State Space Language Models with Selective Attention24 Oct 2024
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignment8 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey of Mamba2 Aug 2024
- 2024VSSD: Vision Mamba with Non-Causal State Space Duality26 Jul 2024
- 2024Mamba or RWKV: Exploring High-Quality and High-Efficiency Segment Anything Model27 Jun 2024
- 2024Demystify Mamba in Vision: A Linear Attention Perspective26 May 2024
- 2024Is Mamba Compatible with Trajectory Optimization in Offline Reinforcement Learning?20 May 2024
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
- 2023Token Fusion: Bridging the Gap between Token Pruning and Token Mergingcited by 123
- 2024Accelerating Transformers with Spectrum-Preserving Token Mergingcited by 35
- 2025HPU: High-Bandwidth Processing Unit for Scalable, Cost-effective LLM Inference via GPU Co-processingcited by 5
- 2024Vote&Mix: Plug-and-Play Token Reduction for Efficient Vision Transformercited by 4
- 2024The CAP Principle for LLM Serving: A Survey of Long-Context Large Language Model Servingcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Large Language Model Inference with Neural Block Linearizationcited by 1
- 2026Elastic Threshold Attention: Learned Contextual Sparsity for Long-Context Decodingcited by 1
- 2026A Generalized Optimization Engine (GOE) for Edge AI Inference Accelerationcited by 0
- 2026Neurosymbolics for Data Engineering: Achieving Long Context Token Reduction Without Finetuningcited by 0
- 2026Elastic Threshold Attention: Learned Contextual Sparsity for Long-Context Decoding16 Sep 2026
- 2026A Generalized Optimization Engine (GOE) for Edge AI Inference Acceleration19 Aug 2026
- 2026Neurosymbolics for Data Engineering: Achieving Long Context Token Reduction Without Finetuning30 Jun 2026
- 2025Efficient Large Language Model Inference with Neural Block Linearization27 May 2025
- 2025HPU: High-Bandwidth Processing Unit for Scalable, Cost-effective LLM Inference via GPU Co-processing18 Apr 2025
- 2024Vote&Mix: Plug-and-Play Token Reduction for Efficient Vision Transformer30 Aug 2024
- 2024Accelerating Transformers with Spectrum-Preserving Token Merging25 May 2024
- 2024The CAP Principle for LLM Serving: A Survey of Long-Context Large Language Model Serving18 May 2024
- 2023Token Fusion: Bridging the Gap between Token Pruning and Token Merging2 Dec 2023
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Faster17 Oct 2022
- 2024From Efficient Multimodal Models to World Models: A Surveycited by 13
- 2024From Efficient Multimodal Models to World Models: A Survey27 Jun 2024
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2021CoAtNet: Marrying Convolution and Attention for All Data Sizescited by 566
- 2021Linear Transformers Are Secretly Fast Weight Programmerscited by 471
- 2021Nystr"omformer: A Nystr"om-Based Algorithm for Approximating Self-Attentioncited by 468
- 2021XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformerscited by 335
- 2021Choose a Transformer: Fourier or Galerkincited by 333
- 2025YOLOv12: Attention-Centric Real-Time Object Detectorscited by 300
- 2022CMX: Cross-Modal Fusion for RGB-X Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 229
- 2021Co-Scale Conv-Attentional Image Transformerscited by 224
- 2024Leave No Context Behind: Efficient Infinite Context Transformers with Infini-attentioncited by 194
- 2022Pure Transformers are Powerful Graph Learnerscited by 188
- 2023FLatten Transformer: Vision Transformer using Focused Linear Attentioncited by 170
12 most cited of 305 All 305 (JSON)
- 2026Cluster Attention Neural Operators for Solving Parametric Partial Differential Equations30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel-Level Transformers in Remote Sensing: A Canopy Height Case Study29 Sep 2026
- 2026From Deep to Shallow: Unconstrained and Efficient Layer Merging Strategy4 Sep 2026
- 2026StereoDiffuer: Diffusion-based Progressive Geometry Modeling with Saliency Attention Perception for Stereo Matching22 Aug 2026
- 2026MixFormer: Linear Transformer with Mixture of Memory Experts10 Aug 2026
- 2026AeroReformer2: Spoken-Query Referring Segmentation for Aerial Images9 Aug 2026
- 2026HSMLA: Hierarchical Softmax Multi-scale Linear Attention for Efficient Vision Transformers7 Aug 2026
- 2026AdaKAN: A dual-branch adaptive Kolmogorov-Arnold network for medical image segmentation24 Jul 2026
- 2026RED-PIM: Reducing Data Movement for Transformers using Processing-in-Memory23 Jul 2026
- 2026IMMoE: Incomplete Multi-View Anomaly Detection via Mixture of View Experts Fusion21 Jul 2026
- 2026Kernelized Linear Attention: Breaking the Capacity Wall with Symmetric Cones19 Jul 2026
- 2026Self-Gating Attention for Efficient Time Series Forecasting2 Jul 2026
12 newest of 305 All 305 (JSON)