Taipan: Efficient and Expressive State Space Language Models with Selective Attention
On the map: State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) → Core SSM architectures for language
Abstract (arXiv)
Efficient long-context language modeling remains a significant challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). While Transformers dominate language tasks, they struggle with long sequences due to quadratic computational complexity in training and linearly scaling memory costs during inference. Recent State Space Models (SSMs) such as Mamba offer alternatives with constant memory usage, but they underperform in tasks requiring extensive in-context retrieval. We introduce Taipan, a novel hybrid architecture that combines Mamba-2 with Selective Attention Layers (SALs). These SALs identify tokens requiring long-range interactions, remove less important features, and then augment their representations using the attention module. This approach balances Mamba's efficiency with Transformer-like performance in memory-intensive tasks. By constraining the attention budget, Taipan extends accurate predictions to context lengths of up to 1 million tokens while preserving computational efficiency. Our experiments demonstrate Taipan's superior performance across various scales and tasks, offering a promising solution for efficient long-context language modeling.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Core SSM architectures for language, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba). Builds on 46 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2024.
Builds on
46 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2024An Empirical Study of Mamba-based Language Models12 Jun
- 2024Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality31 May
- 2024Jamba: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Language Model28 Mar
- 2024Simple linear attention language models balance the recall-throughput tradeoff28 Feb
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces1 Dec
- 2022Simplified State Space Layers for Sequence Modeling9 Aug
- 2022Diagonal State Spaces are as Effective as Structured State Spaces27 Mar
- 2021Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces31 Oct
Other references · 38
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
- 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,413
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,883
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,183
26 more
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,164
- 2013Estimating or Propagating Gradients Through Stochastic Neurons for Conditional Computationcited by 2,079
- 2020Transformers are RNNs: Fast Autoregressive Transformers with Linear Attentioncited by 2,022
- 2020GLU Variants Improve Transformercited by 1,804
- 2018Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuADcited by 1,554
- 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,480
- 2017RACE: Large-scale ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinationscited by 861
- 2023MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language Modelscited by 735
- 2023Retentive Network: A Successor to Transformer for Large Language Modelscited by 613
- 2021Combining Recurrent, Convolutional, and Continuous-time Models with Linear State-Space Layerscited by 608
- 2022Hungry Hungry Hippos: Towards Language Modeling with State Space Modelscited by 499
- 2022On the Parameterization and Initialization of Diagonal State Space Modelscited by 424
- 2023Hyena Hierarchy: Towards Larger Convolutional Language Modelscited by 393
- 2018Efficient Attention: Attention with Linear Complexitiescited by 368
- 2022Long Range Language Modeling via Gated State Spacescited by 265
- 2024Griffin: Mixing Gated Linear Recurrences with Local Attention for Efficient Language Modelscited by 242
- 2022cosFormer: Rethinking Softmax in Attentioncited by 213
- 2023LongNet: Scaling Transformers to 1,000,000,000 Tokenscited by 204
- 2023HyenaDNA: Long-Range Genomic Sequence Modeling at Single Nucleotide Resolutioncited by 194
- 2024The Illusion of State in State-Space Modelscited by 187
- 2023FLatten Transformer: Vision Transformer using Focused Linear Attentioncited by 171
- 2024Orca-Math: Unlocking the potential of SLMs in Grade School Mathcited by 151
- 2024Zamba: A Compact 7B SSM Hybrid Modelcited by 124
- 2023Scaling Transformer to 1M tokens and beyond with RMTcited by 98
- 2024RNNs are not Transformers (Yet): The Key Bottleneck on In-context Retrievalcited by 64
- 2019Explicit Sparse Transformer: Concentrated Attention Through Explicit Selectioncited by 62
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025HybriDNA: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba2 Long-Range DNA Language Modelcited by 7
- 2026Component Ablation for Efficient Hybrid Language Model Architectures: Performance, Resilience, and Compression Implicationscited by 4
- 2025Multilingual State Space Models for Structured Question Answering in Indic Languagescited by 3
- 2025Alleviating Forgetfulness of Linear Attention by Hybrid Sparse Attention and Contextualized Learnable Token Evictioncited by 3
- 2026Component Ablation for Efficient Hybrid Language Model Architectures: Performance, Resilience, and Compression Implications23 Mar 2026
- 2025Alleviating Forgetfulness of Linear Attention by Hybrid Sparse Attention and Contextualized Learnable Token Eviction23 Oct 2025
- 2025HybriDNA: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba2 Long-Range DNA Language Model15 Feb 2025
- 2025Multilingual State Space Models for Structured Question Answering in Indic Languages1 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025LongMamba: Enhancing Mamba's Long Context Capabilities via Training-Free Receptive Field Enlargement
- 2025Training-free Context-adaptive Attention for Efficient Long Context Modeling
- 2025DAM: Dynamic Attention Mask for Long-Context Large Language Model Inference Acceleration
- 2025Breaking Quadratic Barriers: A Non-Attention LLM for Ultra-Long Context Horizons
- 2025Infinite Retrieval: Attention Enhanced LLMs in Long-Context Processing
- 2024Samba: Simple Hybrid State Space Models for Efficient Unlimited Context Language Modeling
- 2026Sliding-window beats linear attention
- 2025Every Token Counts: Generalizing 16M Ultra-Long Context in Large Language Models