mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CPlaNet: Enhancing Image Geolocalization by Combinatorial Partitioning of Maps

arXiv 1808.02130 ↗First posted 6 Aug 2018cs.CVcited by 68

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Abstract (arXiv)

Image geolocalization is the task of identifying the location depicted in a photo based only on its visual information. This task is inherently challenging since many photos have only few, possibly ambiguous cues to their geolocation. Recent work has cast this task as a classification problem by partitioning the earth into a set of discrete cells that correspond to geographic regions. The granularity of this partitioning presents a critical trade-off; using fewer but larger cells results in lower location accuracy while using more but smaller cells reduces the number of training examples per class and increases model size, making the model prone to overfitting. To tackle this issue, we propose a simple but effective algorithm, combinatorial partitioning, which generates a large number of fine-grained output classes by intersecting multiple coarse-grained partitionings of the earth. Each classifier votes for the fine-grained classes that overlap with their respective coarse-grained ones. This technique allows us to predict locations at a fine scale while maintaining sufficient training examples per class. Our algorithm achieves the state-of-the-art performance in location recognition on multiple benchmark datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 3; 2023: 5; 2024: 15; 2025: 18; 2026: 21.

68 papers.

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  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023GeoCLIP: Clip-Inspired Alignment between Locations and Images for Effective Worldwide Geo-localizationcited by 185
  3. 2022Rethinking Visual Geo-localization for Large-Scale Applicationscited by 160
  4. 2021Online Continual Learning with Natural Distribution Shifts: An Empirical Study with Visual Datacited by 67
  5. 2022Where in the World is this Image? Transformer-based Geo-localization in the Wildcited by 58
  6. 2023Where We Are and What We're Looking At: Query Based Worldwide Image Geo-localization Using Hierarchies and Scenescited by 55
  7. 2023PIGEON: Predicting Image Geolocationscited by 55
  8. 2024OpenStreetView-5M: The Many Roads to Global Visual Geolocationcited by 38
  9. 2024G3: An Effective and Adaptive Framework for Worldwide Geolocalization Using Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 33
  10. 2021Interpretable Semantic Photo Geolocationcited by 32
  11. 2024Img2Loc: Revisiting Image Geolocalization using Multi-modality Foundation Models and Image-based Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 31
  12. 2024GeoReasoner: Geo-localization with Reasoning in Street Views using a Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2025Recognition through Reasoning: Reinforcing Image Geo-localization with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 27
  2. 2024Around the World in 80 Timesteps: A Generative Approach to Global Visual Geolocationcited by 23
  3. 2025Geolocation with Real Human Gameplay Data: A Large-Scale Dataset and Human-Like Reasoning Frameworkcited by 23
  4. 2023Can Vision-Language Models be a Good Guesser? Exploring VLMs for Times and Location Reasoningcited by 22
  5. 2024AddressCLIP: Empowering Vision-Language Models for City-wide Image Address Localizationcited by 21
  6. 2021Leveraging EfficientNet and Contrastive Learning for Accurate Global-scale Location Estimationcited by 19
  7. 2025GeoRanker: Distance-Aware Ranking for Worldwide Image Geolocalizationcited by 18
  8. 2025GRE Suite: Geo-localization Inference via Fine-Tuned Vision-Language Models and Enhanced Reasoning Chainscited by 14
  9. 2021Visual and Object Geo-localization: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 13
  10. 2024Statewide Visual Geolocalization in the Wildcited by 12
  11. 2024Swarm Intelligence in Geo-Localization: A Multi-Agent Large Vision-Language Model Collaborative Frameworkcited by 11
  12. 2024Towards Interactive Global Geolocation Assistantcited by 11
  13. 2025GT-Loc: Unifying When and Where in Images Through a Joint Embedding Spacecited by 11
  14. 2025From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Modelscited by 11
  15. 2024CityGuessr: City-Level Video Geo-Localization on a Global Scalecited by 10
  16. 2025Scaling Image Geo-Localization to Continent Levelcited by 10
  17. 2026Thinking with Map: Reinforced Parallel Map-Augmented Agent for Geolocalizationcited by 8
  18. 2025LocDiff: Identifying Locations on Earth by Diffusing in the Hilbert Spacecited by 6
  19. 2025GeoToken: Hierarchical Geolocalization of Images via Next Token Predictioncited by 6
  20. 2024MutualVPR: A Mutual Learning Framework for Resolving Supervision Inconsistencies via Adaptive Clusteringcited by 5
  21. 2025GAEA: A Geolocation Aware Conversational Assistantcited by 5
  22. 2026GeoAgent: Learning to Geolocate Everywhere with Reinforced Geographic Characteristicscited by 5
  23. 2022Which country is this picture from? New data and methods for DNN-based country recognitioncited by 3
  24. 2025Image-based Geo-localization for Robotics: Are Black-box Vision-Language Models there yet?cited by 3
  25. 2025Towards Interpretable Geo-localization: a Concept-Aware Global Image-GPS Alignment Frameworkcited by 3
  26. 2026Learning to Wander: Improving the Global Image Geolocation Ability of LMMs via Actionable Reasoningcited by 3
  27. 2023Divide&Classify: Fine-Grained Classification for City-Wide Visual Place Recognitioncited by 2
  28. 2025VLM-Guided Visual Place Recognition for Planet-Scale Geo-Localizationcited by 2
  29. 2025GeoSURGE: Geo-localization using Semantic Fusion with Hierarchy of Geographic Embeddingscited by 2
  30. 2026REVERSE: Reinforcing Evidence Verification and Search for Agentic Image geo-localizationcited by 2
  31. 2024Training Self-localization Models for Unseen Unfamiliar Places via Teacher-to-Student Data-Free Knowledge Transfercited by 1
  32. 2025Street-Level Geolocalization Using Multimodal Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
  33. 2026HierLoc: Hyperbolic Entity Embeddings for Hierarchical Visual Geolocationcited by 1
  34. 2026Interpretable Perception and Reasoning for Audiovisual Geolocationcited by 1
  35. 2026Combi-CAM: A Novel Multi-Layer Approach for Explainable Image Geolocalizationcited by 1
  36. 2026Skill-Conditioned Visual Geolocation for Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
  37. 2026VidTAG: Temporally Aligned Video to GPS Geolocalization with Denoising Sequence Prediction at a Global Scalecited by 1
  38. 2026DualGeo: A Dual-View Framework for Worldwide Image Geo-localizationcited by 1

50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)