mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Visual and Object Geo-localization: A Comprehensive Survey

arXiv 2112.15202 ↗First posted 30 Dec 2021cs.CVcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

The concept of geo-localization refers to the process of determining where on earth some `entity' is located, typically using Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. The entity of interest may be an image, sequence of images, a video, satellite image, or even objects visible within the image. As massive datasets of GPS tagged media have rapidly become available due to smartphones and the internet, and deep learning has risen to enhance the performance capabilities of machine learning models, the fields of visual and object geo-localization have emerged due to its significant impact on a wide range of applications such as augmented reality, robotics, self-driving vehicles, road maintenance, and 3D reconstruction. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of geo-localization involving images, which involves either determining from where an image has been captured (Image geo-localization) or geo-locating objects within an image (Object geo-localization). We will provide an in-depth study, including a summary of popular algorithms, a description of proposed datasets, and an analysis of performance results to illustrate the current state of each field.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 57 of its 162 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Dec 2021.

Builds on

57 of 162 references.

References · 57

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38 more
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50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

13 papers.

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  1. 2022Cross-view Geo-localization via Learning Disentangled Geometric Layout Correspondencecited by 70
  2. 2023PIGEON: Predicting Image Geolocationscited by 56
  3. 2022Cross-View Image Sequence Geo-localizationcited by 31
  4. 2023GeoDTR+: Toward generic cross-view geolocalization via geometric disentanglementcited by 28
  5. 2025GeoRanker: Distance-Aware Ranking for Worldwide Image Geolocalizationcited by 19
  6. 2024Cross-view geo-localization: a surveycited by 15
  7. 2024GOMAA-Geo: GOal Modality Agnostic Active Geo-localizationcited by 11
  8. 2025GeoArena: Evaluating Open-World Geographic Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
  9. 2022Aerial View Localization with Reinforcement Learning: Towards Emulating Search-and-Rescuecited by 4
  10. 2025C3Po: Cross-View Cross-Modality Correspondence by Pointmap Predictioncited by 4
  11. 2023Are Labels Needed for Incremental Instance Learning?cited by 2
  12. 2025Efficient Spike-driven Transformer for High-performance Drone-View Geo-Localizationcited by 2
1 more
  1. 2026GeoRouter: Dynamic Paradigm Routing for Worldwide Image Geolocalizationcited by 0