A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
As a new classification platform, deep learning has recently received increasing attention from researchers and has been successfully applied to many domains. In some domains, like bioinformatics and robotics, it is very difficult to construct a large-scale well-annotated dataset due to the expense of data acquisition and costly annotation, which limits its development. Transfer learning relaxes the hypothesis that the training data must be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) with the test data, which motivates us to use transfer learning to solve the problem of insufficient training data. This survey focuses on reviewing the current researches of transfer learning by using deep neural network and its applications. We defined deep transfer learning, category and review the recent research works based on the techniques used in deep transfer learning.
Key facts. Cited by 417 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 1; 2021: 122; 2022: 100; 2023: 83; 2024: 55; 2025: 39; 2026: 16.
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- 2021LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image text Tuningcited by 572
- 2021Deep Neural Networks and Tabular Data: A Surveycited by 489
- 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 416
- 2021Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Analysis: A Surveycited by 351
- 2021Scaling Laws for Transfercited by 265
- 2021A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 250
- 2021A Survey of Human-in-the-loop for Machine Learningcited by 214
- 2020Language Conditioned Imitation Learning over Unstructured Datacited by 208
- 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
- 2021AutoNovel: Automatically Discovering and Learning Novel Visual Categoriescited by 116
- 2022Deep Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectivescited by 98
- 2021Self-Supervised Pretraining Improves Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 81
38 more
- 2021Transfer Learning from Synthetic to Real LiDAR Point Cloud for Semantic Segmentationcited by 76
- 2022Visual Prompt Tuning for Generative Transfer Learningcited by 75
- 2023Delta-LoRA: Fine-Tuning High-Rank Parameters with the Delta of Low-Rank Matricescited by 72
- 2021MT3: Meta Test-Time Training for Self-Supervised Test-Time Adaptioncited by 65
- 2021A Survey of Deep RL and IL for Autonomous Driving Policy Learningcited by 59
- 2022A Review of Deep Transfer Learning and Recent Advancementscited by 56
- 2021DORO: Distributional and Outlier Robust Optimizationcited by 54
- 2021Improved Regularization and Robustness for Fine-tuning in Neural Networkscited by 45
- 2021Automatic Sleep Staging of EEG Signals: Recent Development, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 41
- 2023When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong Pretrainingcited by 41
- 2021Scalable Diverse Model Selection for Accessible Transfer Learningcited by 40
- 2022Cross-Architecture Knowledge Distillationcited by 40
- 2023Know Your Self-supervised Learning: A Survey on Image-based Generative and Discriminative Trainingcited by 39
- 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
- 2021Neural Transfer Learning for Repairing Security Vulnerabilities in C Codecited by 36
- 2022Augmenting Interpretable Models with LLMs during Trainingcited by 36
- 2021Zoo-Tuning: Adaptive Transfer from a Zoo of Modelscited by 35
- 2021Rethinking Supervised Pre-training for Better Downstream Transferringcited by 35
- 2023Visual Tuningcited by 34
- 2021A Review on Deep Learning in UAV Remote Sensingcited by 32
- 2021SelfHAR: Improving Human Activity Recognition through Self-training with Unlabeled Datacited by 31
- 2021The Multi-Agent Behavior Dataset: Mouse Dyadic Social Interactionscited by 31
- 2022Minimax Regret Optimization for Robust Machine Learning under Distribution Shiftcited by 31
- 2022Disentangling Transfer in Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2022Not All Models Are Equal: Predicting Model Transferability in a Self-challenging Fisher Spacecited by 30
- 2022FedSpace: An Efficient Federated Learning Framework at Satellites and Ground Stationscited by 28
- 2021A Survey on Anomaly Detection for Technical Systems using LSTM Networkscited by 27
- 2023Efficient Language Model Training through Cross-Lingual and Progressive Transfer Learningcited by 26
- 2021A Survey on Open Set Recognitioncited by 25
- 2023A Comprehensive Overview and Comparative Analysis on Deep Learning Models: CNN, RNN, LSTM, GRUcited by 25
- 2019Federated Imitation Learning: A Novel Framework for Cloud Robotic Systems with Heterogeneous Sensor Datacited by 24
- 2021UDIS: Unsupervised Discovery of Bias in Deep Visual Recognition Modelscited by 23
- 2021Solving the electronic Schr"odinger equation for multiple nuclear geometries with weight-sharing deep neural networkscited by 22
- 2023For Pre-Trained Vision Models in Motor Control, Not All Policy Learning Methods are Created Equalcited by 22
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Transfer Learning for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Time Series: Methods, Applications, and Directionscited by 22
- 2021Phase Transitions in Transfer Learning for High-Dimensional Perceptronscited by 21
- 2021Cross-domain Activity Recognition via Substructural Optimal Transportcited by 21
- 2021Representation Learning Beyond Linear Prediction Functionscited by 21
50 most cited of 417 All 417 (JSON)
- 2026Importance Weighting for Unlabeled-unlabeled Learning under Distribution Shift10 Sep 2026
- 2026Inclusive electron-nucleus cross section models from domain adaptation8 Sep 2026
- 2026Energy and Performance Benchmarking of Deep Learning Models for Breast Cancer Detection7 Aug 2026
- 2026RADS: Reinforcement Learning-Based Sample Selection Improves Transfer Learning in Low-resource and Imbalanced Clinical Settings22 Apr 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogies8 Apr 2026
- 2026Transferable Optimization Network for Cross-Domain Image Reconstruction8 Mar 2026
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Mar 2026
- 2026DA-Cal: Towards Cross-Domain Calibration in Semantic Segmentation24 Feb 2026
- 2026Meta-Learning and Meta-Reinforcement Learning -- Tracing the Path towards DeepMind's Adaptive Agent23 Feb 2026
- 2026PaW-ViT: A Patch-based Warping Vision Transformer for Robust Ear Verification27 Jan 2026
- 2026Robust Learning of a Group DRO Neuron26 Jan 2026
- 2026Beyond Off-the-Shelf Models: A Lightweight and Accessible Machine Learning Pipeline for Ecologists Working with Image Data22 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2026MetaToolAgent: Towards Generalizable Tool Usage in LLMs through Meta-Learning19 Jan 2026
- 2026Energy-Efficient Prediction in Textile Manufacturing: Enhancing Accuracy and Data Efficiency With Ensemble Deep Transfer Learning19 Jan 2026
- 2026Unified Optimization of Source Weights and Transfer Quantities in Multi-Source Transfer Learning: An Asymptotic Framework15 Jan 2026
- 2026Variational Autoencoder with Normalizing flow for X-ray spectral fitting12 Jan 2026
- 2025Over-the-Air Goal-Oriented Communications23 Dec 2025
- 2025Energy-Efficient Eimeria Parasite Detection Using a Two-Stage Spiking Neural Network Architecture17 Dec 2025
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- 2025Directed evolution algorithm drives neural prediction1 Dec 2025
- 2025HyFormer-Net: A Synergistic CNN-Transformer with Interpretable Multi-Scale Fusion for Breast Lesion Segmentation and Classification in Ultrasound Images2 Nov 2025
- 2025A Three-Stage Bayesian Transfer Learning Framework to Improve Predictions in Data-Scarce Domains30 Oct 2025
- 2025When to Transfer: Adaptive Source Selection for Positive Transfer in Linear Models19 Oct 2025
- 2025Leveraging Transfer Learning and Mobile-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition5 Sep 2025
- 2025Extracting Structured Requirements from Unstructured Building Technical Specifications for Building Information Modeling19 Aug 2025
- 2025Transfer Learning for Neutrino Scattering: Domain Adaptation with GANs18 Aug 2025
- 2025Slice or the Whole Pie? Utility Control for AI Models6 Aug 2025
- 2025Deep learning framework for crater detection and identification on the Moon and Mars5 Aug 2025
- 2025Deep Learning for Pavement Condition Evaluation Using Satellite Imagery2 Aug 2025
- 2025CS-SHRED: Enhancing SHRED for Robust Recovery of Spatiotemporal Dynamics30 Jul 2025
- 2025An Investigation of Test-time Adaptation for Audio Classification under Background Noise21 Jul 2025
- 2025Transfer Learning in Infinite Width Feature Learning Networks6 Jul 2025
- 2025Transfer Learning for Matrix Completion3 Jul 2025
- 2025A Novel Active Learning Approach to Label One Million Unknown Malware Variants30 Jun 2025
- 2025Generalizing vision-language models to novel domains: A comprehensive survey23 Jun 2025
- 2025Revealing the Challenges of Sim-to-Real Transfer in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Latent Space Modeling15 Jun 2025
- 2025Domain Adaptation for Big Data in Agricultural Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review6 Jun 2025
- 2025Hypothesis on the Functional Advantages of the Selection-Broadcast Cycle Structure: Global Workspace Theory and Dealing with a Real-Time World20 May 2025
- 2025Assessing the Performance of Analog Training for Transfer Learning16 May 2025
- 2025SVD Based Least Squares for X-Ray Pneumonia Classification Using Deep Features29 Apr 2025
- 2025Active Learning Methods for Efficient Data Utilization and Model Performance Enhancement21 Apr 2025
- 2025Automated Measurement of Eczema Severity with Self-Supervised Learning21 Apr 2025
- 2025MASS: MoErging through Adaptive Subspace Selection6 Apr 2025
- 2025Over-the-Air Edge Inference via End-to-End Metasurfaces-Integrated Artificial Neural Networks31 Mar 2025
- 2025Improved Ear Verification with Vision Transformers and Overlapping Patches30 Mar 2025
- 2025Neuroplasticity in Artificial Intelligence -- An Overview and Inspirations on Drop In & Out Learning27 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning Privacy from Visual Entities16 Mar 2025
- 2025DeepSeek-Inspired Exploration of RL-based LLMs and Synergy with Wireless Networks: A Survey13 Mar 2025
- 2025Dependency-aware Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Active Learning7 Mar 2025
- 2025Exploring Patient Data Requirements in Training Effective AI Models for MRI-based Breast Cancer Classification22 Feb 2025
50 newest of 417 All 417 (JSON)
- 2020Language Conditioned Imitation Learning over Unstructured Datacited by 208
- 2019Federated Imitation Learning: A Novel Framework for Cloud Robotic Systems with Heterogeneous Sensor Datacited by 24
- 2023For Pre-Trained Vision Models in Motor Control, Not All Policy Learning Methods are Created Equalcited by 22
- 2024Off-dynamics Conditional Diffusion Plannerscited by 0
- 2024Off-dynamics Conditional Diffusion Planners16 Oct 2024
- 2023For Pre-Trained Vision Models in Motor Control, Not All Policy Learning Methods are Created Equal10 Apr 2023
- 2020Language Conditioned Imitation Learning over Unstructured Data15 May 2020
- 2019Federated Imitation Learning: A Novel Framework for Cloud Robotic Systems with Heterogeneous Sensor Data24 Dec 2019
- 2021LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image text Tuningcited by 572
- 2021Deep Neural Networks and Tabular Data: A Surveycited by 489
- 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 416
- 2021Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Analysis: A Surveycited by 351
- 2021Scaling Laws for Transfercited by 265
- 2021A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 250
- 2021A Survey of Human-in-the-loop for Machine Learningcited by 214
- 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
- 2021AutoNovel: Automatically Discovering and Learning Novel Visual Categoriescited by 116
- 2022Deep Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectivescited by 98
- 2021Self-Supervised Pretraining Improves Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 81
- 2021Transfer Learning from Synthetic to Real LiDAR Point Cloud for Semantic Segmentationcited by 76
12 most cited of 403 All 403 (JSON)
- 2026Importance Weighting for Unlabeled-unlabeled Learning under Distribution Shift10 Sep 2026
- 2026Inclusive electron-nucleus cross section models from domain adaptation8 Sep 2026
- 2026Energy and Performance Benchmarking of Deep Learning Models for Breast Cancer Detection7 Aug 2026
- 2026RADS: Reinforcement Learning-Based Sample Selection Improves Transfer Learning in Low-resource and Imbalanced Clinical Settings22 Apr 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogies8 Apr 2026
- 2026Transferable Optimization Network for Cross-Domain Image Reconstruction8 Mar 2026
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Mar 2026
- 2026DA-Cal: Towards Cross-Domain Calibration in Semantic Segmentation24 Feb 2026
- 2026Meta-Learning and Meta-Reinforcement Learning -- Tracing the Path towards DeepMind's Adaptive Agent23 Feb 2026
- 2026PaW-ViT: A Patch-based Warping Vision Transformer for Robust Ear Verification27 Jan 2026
- 2026Robust Learning of a Group DRO Neuron26 Jan 2026
- 2026Beyond Off-the-Shelf Models: A Lightweight and Accessible Machine Learning Pipeline for Ecologists Working with Image Data22 Jan 2026
12 newest of 403 All 403 (JSON)