NBS: No Bias Stereo
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Abstract (arXiv)
Stereo reconstruction is one of the last remaining Computer Vision tasks where all state-of-the-art methods employ a heavy architectural inductive bias. Even though it has been demonstrated that the task can be solved using general-purpose methods, it is widely believed that inductive biases in stereo are strictly necessary for both high-quality results and computational efficiency. We challenge this paradigm. In this paper, we demonstrate that both state-of-the-art accuracy and superior runtime efficiency are achievable with a model completely devoid of architectural inductive biases, relying instead on a simple, end-to-end Vision Transformer. By training on massive synthetic datasets, we show that pure data-driven learning can surpass explicitly engineered geometry. This work proves that explicit inductive biases are no longer a prerequisite for stereo matching, ultimately unlocking true scaling laws for continuous improvement in 3D reconstruction.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2026.
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52 of 67 references.
References · 52
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
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- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,297
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 878
- 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 731
- 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 626
38 more
- 2020TartanAir: A Dataset to Push the Limits of Visual SLAMcited by 494
- 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 486
- 2024Depth Pro: Sharp Monocular Metric Depth in Less Than a Secondcited by 395
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 389
- 2017End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regressioncited by 359
- 2025Fast3R: Towards 3D Reconstruction of 1000+ Images in One Forward Passcited by 356
- 2021RAFT-Stereo: Multilevel Recurrent Field Transforms for Stereo Matchingcited by 348
- 2024MoGe: Unlocking Accurate Monocular Geometry Estimation for Open-Domain Images with Optimal Training Supervisioncited by 290
- 2022Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimationcited by 270
- 2025MoGe-2: Accurate Monocular Geometry with Metric Scale and Sharp Detailscited by 250
- 2020AANet: Adaptive Aggregation Network for Efficient Stereo Matchingcited by 202
- 2022Practical Stereo Matching via Cascaded Recurrent Network with Adaptive Correlationcited by 197
- 2020Revisiting Stereo Depth Estimation From a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformerscited by 190
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2023Spring: A High-Resolution High-Detail Dataset and Benchmark for Scene Flow, Optical Flow and Stereocited by 170
- 2025FoundationStereo: Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 168
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 165
- 2021CFNet: Cascade and Fused Cost Volume for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 153
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networkscited by 118
- 2019DeepPruner: Learning Efficient Stereo Matching via Differentiable PatchMatchcited by 114
- 2024Selective-Stereo: Adaptive Frequency Information Selection for Stereo Matchingcited by 98
- 2018Falling Things: A Synthetic Dataset for 3D Object Detection and Pose Estimationcited by 92
- 2020PCW-Net: Pyramid Combination and Warping Cost Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 62
- 2022Accurate and Efficient Stereo Matching via Attention Concatenation Volumecited by 59
- 2024IGEV++: Iterative Multi-range Geometry Encoding Volumes for Stereo Matchingcited by 55
- 2025DEFOM-Stereo: Depth Foundation Model Based Stereo Matchingcited by 51
- 2024MoCha-Stereo: Motif Channel Attention Network for Stereo Matchingcited by 48
- 2021Correlate-and-Excite: Real-Time Stereo Matching via Guided Cost Volume Excitationcited by 47
- 2021Bilateral Grid Learning for Stereo Matching Networkscited by 46
- 2024Stereo Anywhere: Robust Zero-Shot Deep Stereo Matching Even Where Either Stereo or Mono Failcited by 45
- 2022Context-Enhanced Stereo Transformercited by 37
- 2025TartanGround: A Large-Scale Dataset for Ground Robot Perception and Navigationcited by 35
- 2023Booster: a Benchmark for Depth from Images of Specular and Transparent Surfacescited by 33
- 2025Fast-FoundationStereo: Real-Time Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 23
- 2024All-in-One: Transferring Vision Foundation Models into Stereo Matchingcited by 16
- 2024Match Stereo Videos via Bidirectional Alignmentcited by 11
- 2025What Makes Good Synthetic Training Data for Zero-Shot Stereo Matching?cited by 7
- 2024UniTT-Stereo: Unified Training of Transformer for Enhanced Stereo Matchingcited by 3
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