Defensive Distillation is Not Robust to Adversarial Examples
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Abstract (arXiv)
We show that defensive distillation is not secure: it is no more resistant to targeted misclassification attacks than unprotected neural networks.
Key facts. Cited by 60 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 17; 2022: 14; 2023: 16; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.
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- 2023Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial Attackscited by 189
- 2023AdvCLIP: Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples in Multimodal Contrastive Learningcited by 101
- 2021Relating Adversarially Robust Generalization to Flat Minimacited by 57
- 2023Generative Pre-trained Transformer: A Comprehensive Review on Enabling Technologies, Potential Applications, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 55
- 2021Adversarial Example Detection for DNN Models: A Review and Experimental Comparisoncited by 51
- 2021A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Deep Model Robustnesscited by 41
- 2021Poison Forensics: Traceback of Data Poisoning Attacks in Neural Networkscited by 37
- 2021Indicators of Attack Failure: Debugging and Improving Optimization of Adversarial Examplescited by 23
- 2022The Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecuritycited by 21
- 2022Scaling Adversarial Training to Large Perturbation Boundscited by 20
- 2024MirrorCheck: Efficient Adversarial Defense for Vision-Language Modelscited by 19
- 2021Attack to Fool and Explain Deep Networkscited by 17
38 more
- 2021Mutual Adversarial Training: Learning together is better than going alonecited by 17
- 2023Adaptive Sharpness-Aware Pruning for Robust Sparse Networkscited by 17
- 2024AI Risk Management Should Incorporate Both Safety and Securitycited by 17
- 2023Adv-Bot: Realistic Adversarial Botnet Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 14
- 2021Evaluating the Robustness of Geometry-Aware Instance-Reweighted Adversarial Trainingcited by 12
- 2022Improving Robustness by Enhancing Weak Subnetscited by 12
- 2025Who Taught the Lie? Responsibility Attribution for Poisoned Knowledge in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 12
- 2021Multi-objective Search of Robust Neural Architectures against Multiple Types of Adversarial Attackscited by 11
- 2024On the Robustness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: An Adversarial Perspectivecited by 11
- 2021Resilient Machine Learning for Networked Cyber Physical Systems: A Survey for Machine Learning Security to Securing Machine Learning for CPScited by 10
- 2021Controlled Caption Generation for Images Through Adversarial Attackscited by 9
- 2022How many perturbations break this model? Evaluating robustness beyond adversarial accuracycited by 9
- 2022Transferring Adversarial Robustness Through Robust Representation Matchingcited by 7
- 2022Efficient Adversarial Training With Data Pruningcited by 7
- 2022Multi-SpacePhish: Extending the Evasion-space of Adversarial Attacks against Phishing Website Detectors using Machine Learningcited by 7
- 2022TAD: Transfer Learning-based Multi-Adversarial Detection of Evasion Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 7
- 2021Disrupting Adversarial Transferability in Deep Neural Networkscited by 6
- 2021Certified Federated Adversarial Trainingcited by 6
- 2023Revisiting adversarial training for the worst-performing classcited by 4
- 2021Clustering Effect of (Linearized) Adversarial Robust Modelscited by 3
- 2022A Simple Approach to Adversarial Robustness in Few-shot Image Classificationcited by 3
- 2022Hierarchical Perceptual Noise Injection for Social Media Fingerprint Privacy Protectioncited by 3
- 2023Review on the Feasibility of Adversarial Evasion Attacks and Defenses for Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 3
- 2023Adversarial Robustness in Unsupervised Machine Learning: A Systematic Reviewcited by 3
- 2022An Eye for an Eye: Defending against Gradient-based Attacks with Gradientscited by 2
- 2023Computational Asymmetries in Robust Classificationcited by 2
- 2023Adversarial Attacks on Image Classification Models: Analysis and Defensecited by 2
- 2024PushPull-Net: Inhibition-driven ResNet robust to image corruptionscited by 2
- 2025GenoArmory: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Adversarial Attacks on Genomic Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2025Enhancing Security in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Adversarial Attacks and Defensescited by 2
- 2021Delving into the pixels of adversarial samplescited by 1
- 2022Confidence-Aware Paced-Curriculum Learning by Label Smoothing for Surgical Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2023Consistent Valid Physically-Realizable Adversarial Attack against Crowd-flow Prediction Modelscited by 1
- 2024ARQ: A Mixed-Precision Quantization Framework for Accurate and Certifiably Robust DNNscited by 1
- 2021Target Training Does Adversarial Training Without Adversarial Samplescited by 0
- 2021Group-Structured Adversarial Trainingcited by 0
- 2022Decorrelative Network Architecture for Robust Electrocardiogram Classificationcited by 0
- 2022Symmetry Defense Against CNN Adversarial Perturbation Attackscited by 0
50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2026Adversarially Robust PAC Learning with Optimal VC Rates21 Sep 2026
- 2026Improving the Robustness/Accuracy Tradeoff Against Adversarial Attacks Using Information Bottleneck Distillation Through Dual Teachers30 Jul 2026
- 2026TriShieldRAG: 3 Rings, One Blind Spot in Layered Defenses for Retrieval-Augmented Generation26 Jul 2026
- 2026Low Rank Adaptation for Adversarial Perturbation30 Apr 2026
- 2025Robust Physical Adversarial Patches Using Dynamically Optimized Clusters23 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Security in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Adversarial Attacks and Defenses23 Oct 2025
- 2025Who Taught the Lie? Responsibility Attribution for Poisoned Knowledge in Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Sep 2025
- 2025GenoArmory: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Adversarial Attacks on Genomic Foundation Models16 May 2025
- 2024ARQ: A Mixed-Precision Quantization Framework for Accurate and Certifiably Robust DNNs31 Oct 2024
- 2024On the Robustness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: An Adversarial Perspective25 Aug 2024
- 2024PushPull-Net: Inhibition-driven ResNet robust to image corruptions7 Aug 2024
- 2024MirrorCheck: Efficient Adversarial Defense for Vision-Language Models13 Jun 2024
38 more
- 2024AI Risk Management Should Incorporate Both Safety and Security29 May 2024
- 2023Adversarial Attacks on Image Classification Models: Analysis and Defense28 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Improving Robustness Against Common Corruptions using Mixture of Class Specific Experts16 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards Improving Robustness Against Common Corruptions in Object Detectors Using Adversarial Contrastive Learning14 Nov 2023
- 2023Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial Attacks16 Oct 2023
- 2023AdvCLIP: Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples in Multimodal Contrastive Learning14 Aug 2023
- 2023Symmetry Defense Against XGBoost Adversarial Perturbation Attacks10 Aug 2023
- 2023Computational Asymmetries in Robust Classification25 Jun 2023
- 2023Adaptive Sharpness-Aware Pruning for Robust Sparse Networks25 Jun 2023
- 2023Adversarial Robustness in Unsupervised Machine Learning: A Systematic Review1 Jun 2023
- 2023Generative Pre-trained Transformer: A Comprehensive Review on Enabling Technologies, Potential Applications, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions11 May 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Multi-Criteria Adversarial Detection in Deep Image Retrieval9 Apr 2023
- 2023Machine-learned Adversarial Attacks against Fault Prediction Systems in Smart Electrical Grids28 Mar 2023
- 2023Review on the Feasibility of Adversarial Evasion Attacks and Defenses for Network Intrusion Detection Systems13 Mar 2023
- 2023Adv-Bot: Realistic Adversarial Botnet Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systems12 Mar 2023
- 2023Consistent Valid Physically-Realizable Adversarial Attack against Crowd-flow Prediction Models5 Mar 2023
- 2023Revisiting adversarial training for the worst-performing class17 Feb 2023
- 2022Confidence-Aware Paced-Curriculum Learning by Label Smoothing for Surgical Scene Understanding22 Dec 2022
- 2022TAD: Transfer Learning-based Multi-Adversarial Detection of Evasion Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systems27 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-SpacePhish: Extending the Evasion-space of Adversarial Attacks against Phishing Website Detectors using Machine Learning24 Oct 2022
- 2022Scaling Adversarial Training to Large Perturbation Bounds18 Oct 2022
- 2022Symmetry Defense Against CNN Adversarial Perturbation Attacks8 Oct 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Perceptual Noise Injection for Social Media Fingerprint Privacy Protection23 Aug 2022
- 2022Decorrelative Network Architecture for Robust Electrocardiogram Classification19 Jul 2022
- 2022How many perturbations break this model? Evaluating robustness beyond adversarial accuracy8 Jul 2022
- 2022Efficient Adversarial Training With Data Pruning1 Jul 2022
- 2022The Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity20 Jun 2022
- 2022A Simple Approach to Adversarial Robustness in Few-shot Image Classification11 Apr 2022
- 2022Transferring Adversarial Robustness Through Robust Representation Matching21 Feb 2022
- 2022An Eye for an Eye: Defending against Gradient-based Attacks with Gradients2 Feb 2022
- 2022Improving Robustness by Enhancing Weak Subnets30 Jan 2022
- 2021Certified Federated Adversarial Training20 Dec 2021
- 2021Mutual Adversarial Training: Learning together is better than going alone9 Dec 2021
- 2021Clustering Effect of (Linearized) Adversarial Robust Models25 Nov 2021
- 2021Poison Forensics: Traceback of Data Poisoning Attacks in Neural Networks13 Oct 2021
- 2021Disrupting Adversarial Transferability in Deep Neural Networks27 Aug 2021
- 2021Controlled Caption Generation for Images Through Adversarial Attacks7 Jul 2021
- 2021Delving into the pixels of adversarial samples21 Jun 2021
50 newest of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2023AdvCLIP: Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples in Multimodal Contrastive Learningcited by 101
- 2021Relating Adversarially Robust Generalization to Flat Minimacited by 57
- 2023Generative Pre-trained Transformer: A Comprehensive Review on Enabling Technologies, Potential Applications, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 55
- 2021Adversarial Example Detection for DNN Models: A Review and Experimental Comparisoncited by 51
- 2021A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Deep Model Robustnesscited by 41
- 2021Indicators of Attack Failure: Debugging and Improving Optimization of Adversarial Examplescited by 23
- 2022The Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecuritycited by 21
- 2022Scaling Adversarial Training to Large Perturbation Boundscited by 20
- 2021Attack to Fool and Explain Deep Networkscited by 17
- 2021Mutual Adversarial Training: Learning together is better than going alonecited by 17
- 2023Adaptive Sharpness-Aware Pruning for Robust Sparse Networkscited by 17
- 2024AI Risk Management Should Incorporate Both Safety and Securitycited by 17
12 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Adversarially Robust PAC Learning with Optimal VC Rates21 Sep 2026
- 2026Improving the Robustness/Accuracy Tradeoff Against Adversarial Attacks Using Information Bottleneck Distillation Through Dual Teachers30 Jul 2026
- 2026Low Rank Adaptation for Adversarial Perturbation30 Apr 2026
- 2025Robust Physical Adversarial Patches Using Dynamically Optimized Clusters23 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Security in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Adversarial Attacks and Defenses23 Oct 2025
- 2025GenoArmory: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Adversarial Attacks on Genomic Foundation Models16 May 2025
- 2024ARQ: A Mixed-Precision Quantization Framework for Accurate and Certifiably Robust DNNs31 Oct 2024
- 2024On the Robustness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: An Adversarial Perspective25 Aug 2024
- 2024PushPull-Net: Inhibition-driven ResNet robust to image corruptions7 Aug 2024
- 2024AI Risk Management Should Incorporate Both Safety and Security29 May 2024
- 2023Adversarial Attacks on Image Classification Models: Analysis and Defense28 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Improving Robustness Against Common Corruptions using Mixture of Class Specific Experts16 Nov 2023
12 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)