mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Learning for Identifying Metastatic Breast Cancer

arXiv 1606.05718 ↗First posted 18 Jun 2016q-bio.QM cs.CVcited by 93

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Abstract (arXiv)

The International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) held a grand challenge to evaluate computational systems for the automated detection of metastatic breast cancer in whole slide images of sentinel lymph node biopsies. Our team won both competitions in the grand challenge, obtaining an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.925 for the task of whole slide image classification and a score of 0.7051 for the tumor localization task. A pathologist independently reviewed the same images, obtaining a whole slide image classification AUC of 0.966 and a tumor localization score of 0.733. Combining our deep learning system's predictions with the human pathologist's diagnoses increased the pathologist's AUC to 0.995, representing an approximately 85 percent reduction in human error rate. These results demonstrate the power of using deep learning to produce significant improvements in the accuracy of pathological diagnoses.

Key facts. Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Jun 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 22; 2023: 23; 2024: 15; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

93 papers.

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  1. 2022DTFD-MIL: Double-Tier Feature Distillation Multiple Instance Learning for Histopathology Whole Slide Image Classificationcited by 254
  2. 2021Cluster-to-Conquer: A Framework for End-to-End Multi-Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classificationcited by 65
  3. 2023Attention-Challenging Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classificationcited by 61
  4. 2022Additive MIL: Intrinsically Interpretable Multiple Instance Learning for Pathologycited by 58
  5. 2021A Comprehensive Review of Computer-aided Whole-slide Image Analysis: from Datasets to Feature Extraction, Segmentation, Classification, and Detection Approachescited by 44
  6. 2021Self-supervised driven consistency training for annotation efficient histopathology image analysiscited by 39
  7. 2022Advancing Human-AI Complementarity: The Impact of User Expertise and Algorithmic Tuning on Joint Decision Makingcited by 33
  8. 2021Federated Deep AUC Maximization for Heterogeneous Data with a Constant Communication Complexitycited by 21
  9. 2022Robust Medical Image Classification from Noisy Labeled Data with Global and Local Representation Guided Co-trainingcited by 21
  10. 2021Efficient Classification of Very Large Images with Tiny Objectscited by 17
  11. 2024PLUTO: Pathology-Universal Transformercited by 17
  12. 2024Learning biologically relevant features in a pathology foundation model using sparse autoencoderscited by 14
38 more
  1. 2021Improving Self-supervised Learning with Hardness-aware Dynamic Curriculum Learning: An Application to Digital Pathologycited by 13
  2. 2022Iterative Patch Selection for High-Resolution Image Recognitioncited by 13
  3. 2021Who/What is My Teammate? Team Composition Considerations in Human-AI Teamingcited by 12
  4. 2024A2C: A Modular Multi-stage Collaborative Decision Framework for Human-AI Teamscited by 12
  5. 2024HMIL: Hierarchical Multi-Instance Learning for Fine-Grained Whole Slide Image Classificationcited by 12
  6. 2022Multi stain graph fusion for multimodal integration in pathologycited by 11
  7. 2022Global Contrast Masked Autoencoders Are Powerful Pathological Representation Learnerscited by 11
  8. 2023Cross-scale Multi-instance Learning for Pathological Image Diagnosiscited by 11
  9. 2021Jekyll: Attacking Medical Image Diagnostics using Deep Generative Modelscited by 10
  10. 2021FedSLD: Federated Learning with Shared Label Distribution for Medical Image Classificationcited by 10
  11. 2022On the Origins of the Block Structure Phenomenon in Neural Network Representationscited by 10
  12. 2023Stateful Defenses for Machine Learning Models Are Not Yet Secure Against Black-box Attackscited by 10
  13. 2023Deep Learning in Breast Cancer Imaging: A Decade of Progress and Future Directionscited by 10
  14. 2022Improving Feature Extraction from Histopathological Images Through A Fine-tuning ImageNet Modelcited by 8
  15. 2023Capturing Humans' Mental Models of AI: An Item Response Theory Approachcited by 8
  16. 2023Improving Representation Learning for Histopathologic Images with Cluster Constraintscited by 8
  17. 2024Comparing Zealous and Restrained AI Recommendations in a Real-World Human-AI Collaboration Taskcited by 8
  18. 2021A State-of-the-art Survey of Artificial Neural Networks for Whole-slide Image Analysis:from Popular Convolutional Neural Networks to Potential Visual Transformerscited by 7
  19. 2021DSNet: A Dual-Stream Framework for Weakly-Supervised Gigapixel Pathology Image Analysiscited by 7
  20. 2022Deep Interactive Learning-based ovarian cancer segmentation of H&E-stained whole slide images to study morphological patterns of BRCA mutationcited by 7
  21. 2022Evaluating histopathology transfer learning with ChampKitcited by 7
  22. 2022Enhancing Clinical Support for Breast Cancer with Deep Learning Models using Synthetic Correlated Diffusion Imagingcited by 6
  23. 2023Synthetic DOmain-Targeted Augmentation (S-DOTA) Improves Model Generalization in Digital Pathologycited by 6
  24. 2022Interpretable Prediction of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence With Self-supervised Learningcited by 5
  25. 2023Attention2Minority: A salient instance inference-based multiple instance learning for classifying small lesions in whole slide imagescited by 5
  26. 2023SC-MIL: Supervised Contrastive Multiple Instance Learning for Imbalanced Classification in Pathologycited by 5
  27. 2024SaccadeDet: A Novel Dual-Stage Architecture for Rapid and Accurate Detection in Gigapixel Imagescited by 5
  28. 2024Diagnostic Text-guided Representation Learning in Hierarchical Classification for Pathological Whole Slide Imagecited by 4
  29. 2025Generating crossmodal gene expression from cancer histopathology improves multimodal AI predictionscited by 4
  30. 2021Pathological Image Segmentation with Noisy Labelscited by 3
  31. 2021Colored Kimia Path24 Dataset: Configurations and Benchmarks with Deep Embeddingscited by 2
  32. 2021An Attention-based Weakly Supervised framework for Spitzoid Melanocytic Lesion Diagnosis in WSIcited by 2
  33. 2021Probeable DARTS with Application to Computational Pathologycited by 2
  34. 2021Medulloblastoma Tumor Classification using Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Scale EfficientNetscited by 2
  35. 2022Modeling Human-AI Team Decision Makingcited by 2
  36. 2022convoHER2: A Deep Neural Network for Multi-Stage Classification of HER2 Breast Cancercited by 2
  37. 2023Whole-slide-imaging Cancer Metastases Detection and Localization with Limited Tumorous Datacited by 2
  38. 2024Scalable Interactive Machine Learning for Future Command and Controlcited by 2

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