mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

What If We Only Use Real Datasets for Scene Text Recognition? Toward Scene Text Recognition With Fewer Labels

arXiv 2103.04400 ↗First posted 7 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 63

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Scene text recognition (STR) task has a common practice: All state-of-the-art STR models are trained on large synthetic data. In contrast to this practice, training STR models only on fewer real labels (STR with fewer labels) is important when we have to train STR models without synthetic data: for handwritten or artistic texts that are difficult to generate synthetically and for languages other than English for which we do not always have synthetic data. However, there has been implicit common knowledge that training STR models on real data is nearly impossible because real data is insufficient. We consider that this common knowledge has obstructed the study of STR with fewer labels. In this work, we would like to reactivate STR with fewer labels by disproving the common knowledge. We consolidate recently accumulated public real data and show that we can train STR models satisfactorily only with real labeled data. Subsequently, we find simple data augmentation to fully exploit real data. Furthermore, we improve the models by collecting unlabeled data and introducing semi- and self-supervised methods. As a result, we obtain a competitive model to state-of-the-art methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that 1) shows sufficient performance by only using real labels and 2) introduces semi- and self-supervised methods into STR with fewer labels. Our code and data are available: https://github.com/ku21fan/STR-Fewer-Labels

Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2021.

Builds on

54 of 78 references.

References · 54

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  4. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  5. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  6. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  7. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  8. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  9. 2014Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translatecited by 4,530
  10. 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,590
  11. 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,838
  12. 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,696
38 more
  1. 2018Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotationscited by 1,586
  2. 2015Spatial Transformer Networkscited by 1,423
  3. 2017Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 918
  4. 2015An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognitioncited by 519
  5. 2017Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning resultscited by 470
  6. 2016Synthetic Data for Text Localisation in Natural Imagescited by 396
  7. 2019S4L: Self-Supervised Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 335
  8. 2019Scene Text Visual Question Answeringcited by 327
  9. 2016COCO-Text: Dataset and Benchmark for Text Detection and Recognition in Natural Imagescited by 235
  10. 2014Synthetic Data and Artificial Neural Networks for Natural Scene Text Recognitioncited by 214
  11. 2017Super-Convergence: Very Fast Training of Neural Networks Using Large Learning Ratescited by 196
  12. 2019What Is Wrong With Scene Text Recognition Model Comparisons? Dataset and Model Analysiscited by 191
  13. 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
  14. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
  15. 2019ICDAR2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Arbitrary-Shaped Text (RRC-ArT)cited by 147
  16. 2019ICDAR2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Multi-lingual Scene Text Detection and Recognition -- RRC-MLT-2019cited by 138
  17. 2020Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition with Semantic Reasoning Networkscited by 131
  18. 2018Show, Attend and Read: A Simple and Strong Baseline for Irregular Text Recognitioncited by 130
  19. 2019ICDAR 2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Reading Chinese Text on Signboardcited by 127
  20. 2016Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectificationcited by 121
  21. 2019ICDAR 2019 Competition on Large-scale Street View Text with Partial Labeling -- RRC-LSVTcited by 121
  22. 2016TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Networkcited by 119
  23. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  24. 2020SEED: Semantics Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Framework for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 119
  25. 2017ICDAR2017 Competition on Reading Chinese Text in the Wild (RCTW-17)cited by 103
  26. 2019Decoupled Attention Network for Text Recognitioncited by 102
  27. 2020RobustScanner: Dynamically Enhancing Positional Clues for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 85
  28. 2018ESIR: End-to-end Scene Text Recognition via Iterative Image Rectificationcited by 79
  29. 2020SCATTER: Selective Context Attentional Scene Text Recognizercited by 69
  30. 2019TextScanner: Reading Characters in Order for Robust Scene Text Recognitioncited by 68
  31. 2020Scene Text Image Super-Resolution in the Wildcited by 62
  32. 2019High-Fidelity Image Generation With Fewer Labelscited by 51
  33. 2020UnrealText: Synthesizing Realistic Scene Text Images from the Unreal Worldcited by 43
  34. 2019Omnidirectional Scene Text Detection with Sequential-free Box Discretizationcited by 26
  35. 2019Chinese Street View Text: Large-scale Chinese Text Reading with Partially Supervised Learningcited by 20
  36. 2020Learning Surrogates via Deep Embeddingcited by 11
  37. 2020Text Recognition -- Real World Data and Where to Find Themcited by 5
  38. 2019A Feasible Framework for Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Recognitioncited by 3

50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 13; 2023: 18; 2024: 17; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

63 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Modelscited by 278
  2. 2022Scene Text Recognition with Permuted Autoregressive Sequence Modelscited by 148
  3. 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 105
  4. 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 57
  5. 2021Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Studycited by 52
  6. 2023Revisiting Scene Text Recognition: A Data Perspectivecited by 45
  7. 2023DTrOCR: Decoder-only Transformer for Optical Character Recognitioncited by 40
  8. 2021CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 36
  9. 2023CLIP4STR: A Simple Baseline for Scene Text Recognition with Pre-trained Vision-Language Modelcited by 30
  10. 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 27
  11. 2021Visual Semantics Allow for Textual Reasoning Better in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 25
  12. 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognitioncited by 25
38 more
  1. 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wildcited by 22
  2. 2022SimAN: Exploring Self-Supervised Representation Learning of Scene Text via Similarity-Aware Normalizationcited by 21
  3. 2023Diffusion in the Dark: A Diffusion Model for Low-Light Text Recognitioncited by 20
  4. 2022Multimodal Semi-Supervised Learning for Text Recognitioncited by 16
  5. 2023CLIPTER: Looking at the Bigger Picture in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 16
  6. 2023Scene Text Image Super-resolution based on Text-conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 15
  7. 2022Seq-UPS: Sequential Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-label Selection for Semi-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 14
  8. 2023Symmetrical Linguistic Feature Distillation with CLIP for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 14
  9. 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
  10. 2022COO: Comic Onomatopoeia Dataset for Recognizing Arbitrary or Truncated Textscited by 12
  11. 2022SGBANet: Semantic GAN and Balanced Attention Network for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
  12. 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
  13. 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approachcited by 8
  14. 2024TextSSR: Diffusion-based Data Synthesis for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 8
  15. 2022Pushing the Performance Limit of Scene Text Recognizer without Human Annotationcited by 7
  16. 2023DiffusionSTR: Diffusion Model for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
  17. 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
  18. 2023An Empirical Study of Scaling Law for OCRcited by 7
  19. 2026Advancing Multinational License Plate Recognition Through Synthetic and Real Data Fusion: A Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 7
  20. 2023Relational Contrastive Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
  21. 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
  22. 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
  23. 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizercited by 4
  24. 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distributioncited by 3
  25. 2023SCOB: Universal Text Understanding via Character-wise Supervised Contrastive Learning with Online Text Rendering for Bridging Domain Gapcited by 3
  26. 2023Cross-Lingual Learning in Multilingual Scene Text Recognitioncited by 3
  27. 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Surveycited by 3
  28. 2024Decoder Pre-Training with only Text for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 3
  29. 2021Why You Should Try the Real Data for the Scene Text Recognitioncited by 2
  30. 2024Sequential Visual and Semantic Consistency for Semi-supervised Text Recognitioncited by 2
  31. 2024Boosting Semi-Supervised Scene Text Recognition via Viewing and Summarizingcited by 2
  32. 2025SemiETS: Integrating Spatial and Content Consistencies for Semi-Supervised End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 2
  33. 2026What Is Wrong with Synthetic Data for Scene Text Recognition? A Strong Synthetic Engine with Diverse Simulations and Self-Evolutioncited by 2
  34. 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
  35. 2022Indian Commercial Truck License Plate Detection and Recognition for Weighbridge Automationcited by 1
  36. 2023Harnessing the Power of Multi-Lingual Datasets for Pre-training: Towards Enhancing Text Spotting Performancecited by 1
  37. 2024IndicSTR12: A Dataset for Indic Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
  38. 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1

50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)