mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PM-Bench: Evaluating Prospective Memory in LLM Agents

arXiv 2607.12385 ↗First posted 14 Jul 2026cs.AIcited by 6

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

A significant challenge in agentic AI is prospective memory: the ability to execute an intention at a specific future cue or state while other activities are ongoing. We introduce PM-Bench, a text-based benchmark for measuring prospective memory capabilities in modern LLM agents. Inspired by the Virtual Week paradigm from cognitive science, PM-Bench evaluates how well LLM agents maintain user intentions, execute delayed intentions, and monitor latent environment changes. Over the course of a simulated seven-day week, agents must continue an ongoing activity while deciding whether any deferred task is due. We compare eight state-of-the-art LLMs on PM-Bench under eight different agent configurations. PM-Bench proves challenging across all settings: the best method, a GPT-5.4 agent, reaches only 65.1% F1 score under our evaluation. Furthermore, no single strategy for improving prospective memory dominates across models. We release PM-Bench as a controlled testbed for diagnosing these failures and developing training or inference-time interventions that support reliable prospective behavior.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 40 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2026.

Builds on

40 of 55 references.

Closest ancestors · 12

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Memex(RL): Scaling Long-Horizon LLM Agents via Indexed Experience Memory4 Mar
  2. 2026AMA-Bench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Memory for Agentic Applications26 Feb
  3. 2026Learning to Remember: End-to-End Training of Memory Agents for Long-Context Reasoning13 Feb
  4. 2026Mem2ActBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Long-Term Memory Utilization in Task-Oriented Autonomous Agents13 Jan
  5. 2025General Agentic Memory Via Deep Research23 Nov
  6. 2025MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agents10 Jul
  7. 2025Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions7 Jul
  8. 2025MemBench: Towards More Comprehensive Evaluation on the Memory of LLM-based Agents20 Jun
  9. 2025Memory OS of AI Agent30 May
  10. 2025In Prospect and Retrospect: Reflective Memory Management for Long-term Personalized Dialogue Agents11 Mar
  11. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents17 Feb
  12. 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb

Other references · 28

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  2. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  3. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,295
  4. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agentscited by 956
  5. 2024LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memorycited by 656
  6. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 616
  7. 2025Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligencecited by 523
  8. 2021Beyond Goldfish Memory: Long-Term Open-Domain Conversationcited by 266
  9. 2022SODA: Million-scale Dialogue Distillation with Social Commonsense Contextualizationcited by 166
  10. 2023Prompting and Evaluating Large Language Models for Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-guided, and Non-collaborationcited by 115
  11. 2025Recursive Language Modelscited by 94
  12. 2026Conditional Memory via Scalable Lookup: A New Axis of Sparsity for Large Language Modelscited by 78
16 more
  1. 2026Qwen3-Coder-Next Technical Reportcited by 60
  2. 2023Conversation Chronicles: Towards Diverse Temporal and Relational Dynamics in Multi-Session Conversationscited by 47
  3. 2025Building Self-Evolving Agents via Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning: A Framework and Benchmarkcited by 43
  4. 2026DeepPlanning: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Agentic Planning with Verifiable Constraintscited by 43
  5. 2025Robotouille: An Asynchronous Planning Benchmark for LLM Agentscited by 31
  6. 2025REALTALK: A 21-Day Real-World Dataset for Long-Term Conversationcited by 31
  7. 2025MOSAIC: Modeling Social AI for Content Dissemination and Regulation in Multi-Agent Simulationscited by 26
  8. 2023MPCHAT: Towards Multimodal Persona-Grounded Conversationcited by 24
  9. 2025Toward Multi-Session Personalized Conversation: A Large-Scale Dataset and Hierarchical Tree Framework for Implicit Reasoningcited by 21
  10. 2024Beyond Prompts: Dynamic Conversational Benchmarking of Large Language Modelscited by 20
  11. 2026RealMem: Benchmarking LLMs in Real-World Memory-Driven Interactioncited by 20
  12. 2026AMemGym: Interactive Memory Benchmarking for Assistants in Long-Horizon Conversationscited by 20
  13. 2025WebCoach: Self-Evolving Web Agents with Cross-Session Memory Guidancecited by 15
  14. 2025ProactiveEval: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Proactive Dialogue Agentscited by 9
  15. 2026Did You Forget What I Asked? Prospective Memory Failures in Large Language Modelscited by 6
  16. 2021An ecologically valid examination of event-based and time-based prospective memory using immersive virtual reality: the influence of attention, memory, and executive function processes on real-world prospective memorycited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025How Memory Management Impacts LLM Agents: An Empirical Study of Experience-Following Behavior
  2. 2026MemGym: a Long-Horizon Memory Environment for LLM Agents
  3. 2026MemSyco-Bench: Benchmarking Sycophancy in Agent Memory
  4. 2026EvoMemBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory from a Self-Evolving Perspective
  5. 2026Memory in the LLM Era: Modular Architectures and Strategies in a Unified Framework
  6. 2026MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Tasks
  7. 2026The Epistemics of Agent Memory: Measuring, and Governing, the Consolidation Decision in Long-Horizon LLM Agents
  8. 2026Memory for Autonomous LLM Agents:Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Emerging Frontiers