ProactiveEval: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Proactive Dialogue Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Proactive dialogue has emerged as a critical and challenging research problem in advancing large language models (LLMs). Existing works predominantly focus on domain-specific or task-oriented scenarios, which leads to fragmented evaluations and limits the comprehensive exploration of models' proactive conversation abilities. In this work, we propose ProactiveEval, a unified framework designed for evaluating proactive dialogue capabilities of LLMs. This framework decomposes proactive dialogue into target planning and dialogue guidance, establishing evaluation metrics across various domains. Moreover, it also enables the automatic generation of diverse and challenging evaluation data. Based on the proposed framework, we develop 328 evaluation environments spanning 6 distinct domains. Through experiments with 22 different types of LLMs, we show that DeepSeek-R1 and Claude-3.7-Sonnet exhibit exceptional performance on target planning and dialogue guidance tasks, respectively. Finally, we investigate how reasoning capabilities influence proactive behaviors and discuss their implications for future model development.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 29 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2025.
Builds on
29 of 81 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Proactive Agent: Shifting LLM Agents from Reactive Responses to Active Assistance16 Oct
- 2024Ask-before-Plan: Proactive Language Agents for Real-World Planning18 Jun
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains17 Jun
- 2024Enhancing Dialogue State Tracking Models through LLM-backed User-Agents Simulation17 May
- 2024Tell Me More! Towards Implicit User Intention Understanding of Language Model Driven Agents14 Feb
- 2023Plug-and-Play Policy Planner for Large Language Model Powered Dialogue Agents1 Nov
Other references · 23
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2024MT-Bench-101: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialoguescited by 250
- 2019Persuasion for Good: Towards a Personalized Persuasive Dialogue System for Social Goodcited by 209
- 2024Hello Again! LLM-powered Personalized Agent for Long-term Dialoguecited by 123
- 2023Prompting and Evaluating Large Language Models for Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-guided, and Non-collaborationcited by 116
- 2023A Survey on Proactive Dialogue Systems: Problems, Methods, and Prospectscited by 66
- 2019How should my chatbot interact? A survey on human-chatbot interaction designcited by 56
- 2025When Thinking Fails: The Pitfalls of Reasoning for Instruction-Following in LLMscited by 53
- 2021DuRecDial 2.0: A Bilingual Parallel Corpus for Conversational Recommendationcited by 46
- 2024ESCoT: Towards Interpretable Emotional Support Dialogue Systemscited by 46
- 2025Creating General User Models from Computer Usecited by 44
11 more
- 2024Need Help? Designing Proactive AI Assistants for Programmingcited by 43
- 2024Satori: Towards Proactive AR Assistant with Belief-Desire-Intention User Modelingcited by 25
- 2024SocialMind: LLM-based Proactive AR Social Assistive System with Human-like Perception for In-situ Live Interactionscited by 25
- 2024ComPeer: A Generative Conversational Agent for Proactive Peer Supportcited by 24
- 2023Target-oriented Proactive Dialogue Systems with Personalization: Problem Formulation and Dataset Curationcited by 23
- 2024Strength Lies in Differences! Improving Strategy Planning for Non-collaborative Dialogues via Diversified User Simulationcited by 21
- 2024RevisEval: Improving LLM-as-a-Judge via Response-Adapted Referencescited by 20
- 2025Automated Creativity Evaluation for Large Language Models: A Reference-Based Approachcited by 20
- 2023Explore-Instruct: Enhancing Domain-Specific Instruction Coverage through Active Explorationcited by 18
- 2025AiGet: Transforming Everyday Moments into Hidden Knowledge Discovery with AI Assistance on Smart Glassescited by 11
- 2025Dynamic benchmarking framework for LLM-based conversational data capturecited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 8.
9 papers.
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Datacited by 16
- 2026PM-Bench: Evaluating Prospective Memory in LLM Agentscited by 7
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026ProactBench: Beyond What The User Asked Forcited by 4
- 2026ProActor: Timing-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Proactive Task Scheduling Agentscited by 3
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?cited by 2
- 2026Proactive Service Agents: A Unified Decision Framework, Methods, and Evaluationcited by 2
- 2025Simulating Teams with LLM Agents: Interactive 2D Environments for Studying Human-AI Dynamicscited by 0
- 2026DyMT-ESB: Dynamic Multi-Turn Evaluation of Social Bias in User-LLM Interactionscited by 0
- 2026DyMT-ESB: Dynamic Multi-Turn Evaluation of Social Bias in User-LLM Interactions16 Sep 2026
- 2026Proactive Service Agents: A Unified Decision Framework, Methods, and Evaluation3 Sep 2026
- 2026PM-Bench: Evaluating Prospective Memory in LLM Agents14 Jul 2026
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?28 May 2026
- 2026ProActor: Timing-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Proactive Task Scheduling Agents24 May 2026
- 2026ProactBench: Beyond What The User Asked For9 May 2026
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Data4 Feb 2026
- 2025Simulating Teams with LLM Agents: Interactive 2D Environments for Studying Human-AI Dynamics9 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2025PRINCIPLES: Synthetic Strategy Memory for Proactive Dialogue Agents
- 2025Grounded in Reality: Learning and Deploying Proactive LLM from Offline Logs
- 2026ATOD: An Evaluation Framework and Benchmark for Agentic Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems
- 2026From Reactive to Proactive: Assessing the Proactivity of Voice Agents via ProVoice-Bench
- 2026SAGE: State-Grounded, Abstention-Aware Evaluation of Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents
- 2024Leveraging LLMs for Dialogue Quality Measurement
- 2025MEDAL: A Framework for Benchmarking LLMs as Multilingual Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluators
- 2025Detect, Explain, Escalate: Sustainable Dialogue Breakdown Management for LLM Agents