mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Dynamic Skill Lifecycle Management for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

arXiv 2605.10923 ↗First posted 11 May 2026cs.LG cs.CLcited by 10

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent skill learning and evolution

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language model agents increasingly rely on external skills to solve complex tasks, where skills act as modular units that extend their capabilities beyond what parametric memory alone supports. Existing methods assume external skills either accumulate as persistent guidance or internalized into the policy, eventually leading to zero-skill inference. We argue this assumption is overly restrictive, since with limited parametric capacity and uneven marginal contribution across skills, the optimal active skill set is non-monotonic, task- and stage-dependent. In this work, we propose SLIM, a framework of dynamic Skill LIfecycle Management for agentic reinforcement learning (RL), which treats the active external skill set as a dynamic optimization variable jointly updated with policy learning. Specifically, SLIM estimates each active skill's marginal external contribution through leave-one-skill-out validation, then applies three lifecycle operations: retaining high-value skills, retiring skills whose contribution becomes negligible after sufficient exposure, and expanding the skill bank when persistent failures reveal missing capability coverage. Experiments show that SLIM outperforms the best baselines by an average of 7.1% points across ALFWorld and SearchQA. Results further indicate that policy learning and external skill retention are not mutually exclusive: some skills are absorbed into the policy, while others continue to provide external value, supporting SLIM as a more general paradigm for skill-based agentic RL.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent skill learning and evolution, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 66 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 May 2026.

Builds on

66 of 77 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026SkVM: Revisiting Language VM for Skills across Heterogenous LLMs and Harnesses3 Apr
  2. 2026SKILL0: In-Context Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Skill Internalization2 Apr
  3. 2026Trace2Skill: Distill Trajectory-Local Lessons into Transferable Agent Skills26 Mar
  4. 2026SkillRouter: Skill Routing for LLM Agents at Scale23 Mar
  5. 2026SkillRL: Evolving Agents via Recursive Skill-Augmented Reinforcement Learning9 Feb
  6. 2026Skill-Pro: Learning Reusable Skills from Experience via Non-Parametric PPO for LLM Agents2 Feb

Other references · 60

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  4. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  5. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  6. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  7. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  8. 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
  9. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  10. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
  11. 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,895
  12. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
38 more
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  4. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,371
  5. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  6. 2020Constructing A Multi-hop QA Dataset for Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning Stepscited by 1,259
  7. 2018Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning without Explorationcited by 1,227
  8. 2025Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Modelscited by 1,175
  9. 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,143
  10. 2022When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memoriescited by 1,103
  11. 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,054
  12. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 1,000
  13. 2021MuSiQue: Multihop Questions via Single-hop Question Compositioncited by 893
  14. 2023ExpeL: LLM Agents Are Experiential Learnerscited by 814
  15. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memorycited by 722
  16. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 424
  17. 2025Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Modelscited by 423
  18. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 414
  19. 2024Agent Workflow Memorycited by 342
  20. 2025Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 291
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  25. 2025SkillWeaver: Web Agents can Self-Improve by Discovering and Honing Skillscited by 174
  26. 2023Physics of Language Models: Part 3.2, Knowledge Manipulationcited by 142
  27. 2024Multi-Step Reasoning with Large Language Models, a Surveycited by 140
  28. 2026SimpleMem: Efficient Lifelong Memory for LLM Agentscited by 140
  29. 2024Physics of Language Models: Part 3.3, Knowledge Capacity Scaling Lawscited by 137
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  31. 2025EvolveR: Self-Evolving LLM Agents through an Experience-Driven Lifecyclecited by 129
  32. 2025InternVLA-M1: A Spatially Guided Vision-Language-Action Framework for Generalist Robot Policycited by 83
  33. 2025Reinforcing Multi-Turn Reasoning in LLM Agents via Fine-Grained Reward Structure and Credit Assignmentcited by 77
  34. 2024AutoGuide: Automated Generation and Selection of Context-Aware Guidelines for Large Language Model Agentscited by 69
  35. 2026Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineeringcited by 68
  36. 2024LLM With Tools: A Surveycited by 60
  37. 2025Synthetic Data Generation & Multi-Step RL for Reasoning & Tool Usecited by 45
  38. 2025R-Search: Empowering LLM Reasoning with Search via Multi-Reward Reinforcement Learningcited by 32

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.

10 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026SkillForge: Co-Evolving Skills and Agents via Dynamic Skill Lifecycles
  2. 2026ContinualSkillBench: Can LLM Agents Truly Evolve Their Capabilities?
  3. 2026Skill-R1: Agent Skill Evolution via Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2026Skill1: Unified Evolution of Skill-Augmented Agents via Reinforcement Learning
  5. 2026SkillFlow:Benchmarking Lifelong Skill Discovery and Evolution for Autonomous Agents
  6. 2026SkillRise: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Cross-Task Skill Evolution
  7. 2026OPID: On-Policy Skill Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2026Agent Skills for Large Language Models: Architecture, Acquisition, Security, and the Path Forward