Attention Is not Everything: Efficient Alternatives for Vision
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently computer vision has seen advancements mainly thanks to Transformer-based models. However many non-Transformer methods are still doing well being a direct competition of Transformer-based models. This review tries to present a comprehensive taxonomy of such methods and organize these methods into categories like convolution-based models, MLP-based models, state-space-based and more. These methods are looked at in terms of how efficient they are, how well they scale, how easy they are to understand and how robust they are. A total of 40 papers were chosen for this study. The goal is to give a view of non-Transformer methods and find out what challenges and opportunities exist for future computer vision research.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 81 of its 106 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2026.
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81 of 106 references.
References · 81
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,616
- 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
38 more
- 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
- 2015Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learningcited by 4,416
- 2016Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensemblescited by 3,888
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,545
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
- 2021Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spacescited by 2,424
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
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- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
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- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
- 2016Semantic Understanding of Scenes through the ADE20K Datasetcited by 1,063
- 2024Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Modelcited by 1,051
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 990
- 2017Deeper, Broader and Artier Domain Generalizationcited by 983
- 2022YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectorscited by 978
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- 2024VMamba: Visual State Space Modelcited by 955
- 2018Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognitioncited by 741
- 2018Deep Retinex Decomposition for Low-Light Enhancementcited by 720
- 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
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- 2021Combining Recurrent, Convolutional, and Continuous-time Models with Linear State-Space Layerscited by 607
- 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 583
- 2017Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection: A Challenge at the 2017 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Hosted by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)cited by 549
- 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 531
- 2022InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutionscited by 479
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 471
- 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 465
- 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 464
- 2018LaSOT: A High-quality Benchmark for Large-scale Single Object Trackingcited by 424
- 2024U-Mamba: Enhancing Long-range Dependency for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 412
- 2023InstaFlow: One Step is Enough for High-Quality Diffusion-Based Text-to-Image Generationcited by 387
- 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 355
- 2022DiffusionDet: Diffusion Model for Object Detectioncited by 354
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