mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognition

arXiv 1804.03209 ↗First posted 9 Apr 2018cs.CL cs.HCcited by 748

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Cited by 21 in LLM safety and security, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Describes an audio dataset of spoken words designed to help train and evaluate keyword spotting systems. Discusses why this task is an interesting challenge, and why it requires a specialized dataset that is different from conventional datasets used for automatic speech recognition of full sentences. Suggests a methodology for reproducible and comparable accuracy metrics for this task. Describes how the data was collected and verified, what it contains, previous versions and properties. Concludes by reporting baseline results of models trained on this dataset.

Key facts. Cited by 748 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Apr 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 109; 2022: 136; 2023: 133; 2024: 146; 2025: 127; 2026: 96.

748 papers.

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  1. 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,658
  2. 2021Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spacescited by 2,440
  3. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,348
  4. 2022Simplified State Space Layers for Sequence Modelingcited by 781
  5. 2021AST: Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 639
  6. 2022Hungry Hungry Hippos: Towards Language Modeling with State Space Modelscited by 495
  7. 2022BEATs: Audio Pre-Training with Acoustic Tokenizerscited by 384
  8. 2022Diagonal State Spaces are as Effective as Structured State Spacescited by 350
  9. 2022Masked Autoencoders that Listencited by 272
  10. 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 258
  11. 2022MM-Diffusion: Learning Multi-Modal Diffusion Models for Joint Audio and Video Generationcited by 226
  12. 2021Autoregressive Diffusion Modelscited by 209
38 more
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  4. 2022It's Raw! Audio Generation with State-Space Modelscited by 171
  5. 2021On Fast Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 170
  6. 2021SSAST: Self-Supervised Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 168
  7. 2021FedScale: Benchmarking Model and System Performance of Federated Learning at Scalecited by 136
  8. 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
  9. 2021MLPerf Tiny Benchmarkcited by 122
  10. 2021CKConv: Continuous Kernel Convolution For Sequential Datacited by 117
  11. 2022Dataset Distillation via Factorizationcited by 115
  12. 2021Accurate and efficient time-domain classification with adaptive spiking recurrent neural networkscited by 114
  13. 2023Auto-AVSR: Audio-Visual Speech Recognition with Automatic Labelscited by 113
  14. 2021FedMix: Approximation of Mixup under Mean Augmented Federated Learningcited by 108
  15. 2021BYOL for Audio: Self-Supervised Learning for General-Purpose Audio Representationcited by 106
  16. 2021Voice2Series: Reprogramming Acoustic Models for Time Series Classificationcited by 91
  17. 2022Branchformer: Parallel MLP-Attention Architectures to Capture Local and Global Context for Speech Recognition and Understandingcited by 90
  18. 2021BigSSL: Exploring the Frontier of Large-Scale Semi-Supervised Learning for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 88
  19. 2022What Makes Convolutional Models Great on Long Sequence Modeling?cited by 86
  20. 2022MAE-AST: Masked Autoencoding Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 82
  21. 2022HEAR: Holistic Evaluation of Audio Representationscited by 77
  22. 2021LEAF: A Learnable Frontend for Audio Classificationcited by 69
  23. 2021FlexConv: Continuous Kernel Convolutions with Differentiable Kernel Sizescited by 66
  24. 2023UniRepLKNet: A Universal Perception Large-Kernel ConvNet for Audio, Video, Point Cloud, Time-Series and Image Recognitioncited by 64
  25. 2022The "Beatrix'' Resurrections: Robust Backdoor Detection via Gram Matricescited by 63
  26. 2021Keyword Transformer: A Self-Attention Model for Keyword Spottingcited by 60
  27. 2022MAViL: Masked Audio-Video Learnerscited by 57
  28. 2022MM-BD: Post-Training Detection of Backdoor Attacks with Arbitrary Backdoor Pattern Types Using a Maximum Margin Statisticcited by 54
  29. 2023Effectively Modeling Time Series with Simple Discrete State Spacescited by 54
  30. 2021ESPnet-SLU: Advancing Spoken Language Understanding through ESPnetcited by 53
  31. 2024EAT: Self-Supervised Pre-Training with Efficient Audio Transformercited by 53
  32. 2023A-JEPA: Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture Can Listencited by 52
  33. 2023Learning Delays in Spiking Neural Networks using Dilated Convolutions with Learnable Spacingscited by 50
  34. 2021Broadcasted Residual Learning for Efficient Keyword Spottingcited by 48
  35. 2025DeSTA2.5-Audio: Toward General-Purpose Large Audio Language Model with Self-Generated Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 48
  36. 2021A Zeroth-Order Block Coordinate Descent Algorithm for Huge-Scale Black-Box Optimizationcited by 46
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