RoboLab: A High-Fidelity Simulation Benchmark for Analysis of Task Generalist Policies
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Abstract (arXiv)
The pursuit of general-purpose robotics has yielded impressive foundation models, yet simulation-based benchmarking remains a bottleneck due to rapid performance saturation and a lack of true generalization testing. Existing benchmarks often exhibit significant domain overlap between training and evaluation, trivializing success rates and obscuring insights into robustness. We introduce RoboLab, a simulation benchmarking framework designed to address these challenges. Concretely, our framework is designed to answer two questions: (1) to what extent can we understand the performance of a real-world policy by analyzing its behavior in simulation, and (2) which factor most strongly affect policy behavior. First, RoboLab enables human-authored and LLM-enabled generation of scenes and tasks in a robot- and policy-agnostic manner within a high-fidelity simulation environment. We introduce an accompanying RoboLab-120 benchmark, consisting of 120 tasks categorized into three competency axes: visual, procedural, relational, across three difficulty levels. Second, we introduce a systematic analysis of real-world policies that quantify both their performance and the sensitivity of their behavior to controlled perturbations, exposing significant performance gap in current state-of-the-art models. By providing granular metrics and a scalable toolset, RoboLab offers a scalable framework for evaluating the true generalization capabilities of task-generalist robotic policies. Project website: https://research.nvidia.com/labs/srl/projects/robolab/.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2026.
Builds on
32 of 40 references.
References · 32
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
- 2024DROID: A Large-Scale In-The-Wild Robot Manipulation Datasetcited by 801
- 2017PoseCNN: A Convolutional Neural Network for 6D Object Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenescited by 768
- 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 669
- 2025FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 643
- 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 564
- 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 484
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
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- 2024Evaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text Generationcited by 465
- 2023ManiSkill2: A Unified Benchmark for Generalizable Manipulation Skillscited by 313
- 2018Training Deep Networks with Synthetic Data: Bridging the Reality Gap by Domain Randomizationcited by 292
- 2025LIBERO-PRO: Towards Robust and Fair Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models Beyond Memorizationcited by 166
- 2024BEHAVIOR-1K: A Human-Centered, Embodied AI Benchmark with 1,000 Everyday Activities and Realistic Simulationcited by 140
- 20243D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle Scenescited by 138
- 2025A Careful Examination of Large Behavior Models for Multitask Dexterous Manipulationcited by 125
- 2024HOT3D: Hand and Object Tracking in 3D from Egocentric Multi-View Videoscited by 122
- 20243DGUT: Enabling Distorted Cameras and Secondary Rays in Gaussian Splattingcited by 87
- 2024SplatSim: Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer of RGB Manipulation Policies Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 63
- 2025RoboArena: Distributed Real-World Evaluation of Generalist Robot Policiescited by 63
- 2025SceneWeaver: All-in-One 3D Scene Synthesis with an Extensible and Self-Reflective Agentcited by 53
- 2023HANDAL: A Dataset of Real-World Manipulable Object Categories with Pose Annotations, Affordances, and Reconstructionscited by 47
- 2025PolaRiS: Scalable Real-to-Sim Evaluations for Generalist Robot Policiescited by 29
- 2025Real-to-Sim Robot Policy Evaluation with Gaussian Splatting Simulation of Soft-Body Interactionscited by 27
- 2021Multi-View Fusion for Multi-Level Robotic Scene Understandingcited by 17
- 2025RobotArena ∞: Scalable Robot Benchmarking via Real-to-Sim Translationcited by 15
- 2024GRS: Generating Robotic Simulation Tasks from Real-World Imagescited by 13
- 2025VoMP: Predicting Volumetric Mechanical Property Fieldscited by 13
- 2025REALM: A Real-to-Sim Validated Benchmark for Generalization in Robotic Manipulationcited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 19.
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- 2026An Empirical Study and Open Testbed for Federated Fine-Tuning of Vision-Language-Action Models19 Sep 2026
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- 2026Show-Harness: Just a VLM Agent Can Play Robots9 Sep 2026
- 2026DUET-DINO: Simultaneous Cross-View World Modeling for Latent Planning in Robot Manipulation9 Sep 2026
- 2026No Free Checker: A Survey of Verifiers for Robot Policies8 Sep 2026
- 2026PROBE: Manipulation-Grounded Visual Question Answering with VLM Agents17 Aug 2026
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesis26 Jul 2026
- 2026Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation23 Jul 2026
7 more
- 2026RoboDojo: A Unified Sim-and-Real Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Generalist Robot Manipulation Policies5 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupling the Declarative from the Procedural in Vision-Language-Action Models19 Jun 2026
- 2026BayesFP: Posterior Estimation for Flow-Based Policies via Feynman-Kac Sampling19 Jun 2026
- 2026SC3-Eval: Evaluating Robot Foundation Models via Self-Consistent Video Generation17 Jun 2026
- 2026Adaptive Volumetric Mechanical Property Fields Invariant to Resolution16 Jun 2026
- 2026VLA-REPLICA: A Low-Cost, Reproducible Benchmark for Real-World Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models20 May 2026
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AI12 May 2026
- 2026SC3-Eval: Evaluating Robot Foundation Models via Self-Consistent Video Generationcited by 4
- 2026VLA-REPLICA: A Low-Cost, Reproducible Benchmark for Real-World Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 2
- 2026Decoupling the Declarative from the Procedural in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026An Empirical Study and Open Testbed for Federated Fine-Tuning of Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026An Empirical Study and Open Testbed for Federated Fine-Tuning of Vision-Language-Action Models19 Sep 2026
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesis26 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupling the Declarative from the Procedural in Vision-Language-Action Models19 Jun 2026
- 2026SC3-Eval: Evaluating Robot Foundation Models via Self-Consistent Video Generation17 Jun 2026
- 2026VLA-REPLICA: A Low-Cost, Reproducible Benchmark for Real-World Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models20 May 2026
- 2026Show-Harness: Just a VLM Agent Can Play Robotscited by 17
- 2026Show-Harness: Just a VLM Agent Can Play Robots9 Sep 2026
- 2026RoboDojo: A Unified Sim-and-Real Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Generalist Robot Manipulation Policiescited by 35
- 2026Adaptive Volumetric Mechanical Property Fields Invariant to Resolutioncited by 1
- 2026Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026No Free Checker: A Survey of Verifiers for Robot Policiescited by 0
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Readscited by 0
- 2026RobotWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Robot Use Across Diverse Tasks and Embodimentscited by 0
- 2026ARC: A Reasoning Recipe for Robot Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026ARC: A Reasoning Recipe for Robot Foundation Models8 Oct 2026
- 2026RobotWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Robot Use Across Diverse Tasks and Embodiments7 Oct 2026
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Reads14 Sep 2026
- 2026No Free Checker: A Survey of Verifiers for Robot Policies8 Sep 2026
- 2026Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation23 Jul 2026
- 2026RoboDojo: A Unified Sim-and-Real Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Generalist Robot Manipulation Policies5 Jul 2026
- 2026Adaptive Volumetric Mechanical Property Fields Invariant to Resolution16 Jun 2026
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