A Simple Baseline for Streaming Video Understanding
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent streaming video understanding methods increasingly rely on complex memory mechanisms to handle long video streams. We challenge this trend with a simple finding: a sliding-window baseline that feeds only the most recent N frames to an off-the-shelf VLM already matches or surpasses published streaming models. We formalize this baseline as SimpleStream and evaluate it against 13 major offline and online video LLM baselines on OVO-Bench and StreamingBench. Despite its simplicity, SimpleStream delivers consistently strong performance. With only 4 recent frames, it reaches 67.7% average accuracy on OVO-Bench and 80.59% on StreamingBench. Controlled ablations further show that the value of longer context is backbone-dependent rather than uniformly increasing with model scale, and reveal a consistent perception-memory trade-off: adding more historical context can improve recall, but often weakens real-time perception. This suggests that stronger memory, retrieval, or compression modules should not be taken as evidence of progress unless they clearly outperform SimpleStream under the same protocol. We therefore argue that future streaming benchmarks should separate recent-scene perception from long-range memory, so that performance improvements from added complexity can be evaluated more clearly.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2026.
Builds on
46 of 48 references.
References · 46
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
- 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
- 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
- 2023EgoSchema: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Very Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 680
- 2024LVBench: An Extreme Long Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 410
- 2024LongVU: Spatiotemporal Adaptive Compression for Long Video-Language Understandingcited by 356
- 2024MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understandingcited by 292
34 more
- 2024Streaming Long Video Understanding with Large Language Modelscited by 167
- 2024StreamingBench: Assessing the Gap for MLLMs to Achieve Streaming Video Understandingcited by 144
- 2025OVO-Bench: How Far is Your Video-LLMs from Real-World Online Video Understanding?cited by 142
- 2025Dispider: Enabling Video LLMs with Active Real-Time Interaction via Disentangled Perception, Decision, and Reactioncited by 127
- 2025Streaming Video Question-Answering with In-context Video KV-Cache Retrievalcited by 117
- 2025TimeChat-Online: 80% Visual Tokens are Naturally Redundant in Streaming Videoscited by 97
- 2025StreamingVLM: Real-Time Understanding for Infinite Video Streamscited by 95
- 2025EgoLife: Towards Egocentric Life Assistantcited by 91
- 2024Streaming Dense Video Captioningcited by 82
- 2025Flash-VStream: Efficient Real-Time Understanding for Long Video Streamscited by 81
- 2025StreamForest: Efficient Online Video Understanding with Persistent Event Memorycited by 78
- 2025Streaming Video Understanding and Multi-round Interaction with Memory-enhanced Knowledgecited by 73
- 2025StreamBridge: Turning Your Offline Video Large Language Model into a Proactive Streaming Assistantcited by 63
- 2024Online Video Understanding: OVBench and VideoChat-Onlinecited by 61
- 2025StreamMem: Query-Agnostic KV Cache Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 58
- 2025LiveVLM: Efficient Online Video Understanding via Streaming-Oriented KV Cache and Retrievalcited by 54
- 2025OmniMMI: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Interaction Benchmark in Streaming Video Contextscited by 51
- 2024VideoLLM Knows When to Speak: Enhancing Time-Sensitive Video Comprehension with Video-Text Duet Interaction Formatcited by 47
- 2025StreamingTOM: Streaming Token Compression for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 43
- 2026HERMES: KV Cache as Hierarchical Memory for Efficient Streaming Video Understandingcited by 41
- 2025Accelerating Streaming Video Large Language Models via Hierarchical Token Compressioncited by 37
- 2025Eyes Wide Open: Ego Proactive Video-LLM for Streaming Videocited by 28
- 2026FluxMem: Adaptive Hierarchical Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 28
- 2025ProactiveVideoQA: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluating Proactive Interactions in Video Large Language Modelscited by 27
- 2025Streaming Video Instruction Tuningcited by 26
- 2025LiveStar: Live Streaming Assistant for Real-World Online Video Understandingcited by 25
- 2026StreamReady: Learning What to Answer and When in Long Streaming Videoscited by 19
- 2026Thinking in Streaming Videocited by 16
- 2026RIVER: A Real-Time Interaction Benchmark for Video LLMscited by 14
- 2025StreamingAssistant: Efficient Visual Token Pruning for Accelerating Online Video Understandingcited by 10
- 2026PhoStream: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming for Omnimodal Assistants in Mobile Scenarioscited by 10
- 2026LiViBench: An Omnimodal Benchmark for Interactive Livestream Video Understandingcited by 8
- 2026Event-VStream: Event-Driven Real-Time Understanding for Long Video Streamscited by 6
- 2026SVCBench: A Streaming Video Counting Benchmark for Spatial-Temporal State Maintenancecited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 33.
33 papers.
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- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligencecited by 39
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 10
- 2026Semantic-Aware Adaptive Visual Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 8
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?cited by 7
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMscited by 6
- 2026CodecSight: Leveraging Video Codec Signals for Efficient Streaming VLM Inferencecited by 5
- 2026ObjectStream: Latent Objects as Memory Anchors for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 5
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMscited by 5
- 2026OmniInteract: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming Interaction for Real-Time Omnimodal Assistantscited by 4
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wildcited by 4
- 2026FOLIO: Focused Semantic Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 4
- 2026Towards Spatial Supersensing in the Wildcited by 4
21 more
- 2026StreamArena: Toward Continuous, Interactive, and Long-Horizon Agentic Streaming Video Understandingcited by 3
- 2026StreamScout: Learning When to Look Deeper for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 3
- 2026SimpleMemVLA: A Simple but Effective Native-Video Memory for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026StreamOPD: A Post-Training Recipe with Spatio-Temporal Cue Gating for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 2
- 2026ShallowStream: Index Shallow then Answer Deep for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Q-GeoMem: Question-Guided Geometric Memory for Video Spatial Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Streaming Interventions: Can Video Large Language Models Correct Mistakes as They Occur?cited by 1
- 2026StreamFlow: Dynamic Memory Flows for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Retrieval: Progressive Latent Memory Evolution for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interactioncited by 1
- 2026VLMaxxing through FrameMogging Training-Free Anti-Recomputation for Video Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026DeltaS: Reading the Gated Linear Attention State for KV Cache Eviction in Streaming Videocited by 0
- 2026Simple Agentic Memory for Generalist Robot Policiescited by 0
- 2026When to Retrieve, When to Stay: Uncertainty-Aware Temporal Evidence Allocation for Streaming Video-LLMscited by 0
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistantscited by 0
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026ReMem: Streaming Video Understanding With Long Context Retentioncited by 0
- 2026FastBench: Can Streaming VLMs Perceive High-Dynamic Real-World Streams?cited by 0
- 2026SPARE: Shared Perception and Adaptive Retrieval of Evidence for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026EgoProbe: Benchmarking Long-Range and Exact Memory in Streaming Egocentric Videoscited by 0
- 2026DeltaStreamer: Towards Human-Like Agentic Streaming Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026DeltaStreamer: Towards Human-Like Agentic Streaming Video Understanding14 Oct 2026
- 2026EgoProbe: Benchmarking Long-Range and Exact Memory in Streaming Egocentric Videos12 Oct 2026
- 2026SPARE: Shared Perception and Adaptive Retrieval of Evidence for Streaming Video Understanding10 Oct 2026
- 2026FastBench: Can Streaming VLMs Perceive High-Dynamic Real-World Streams?8 Oct 2026
- 2026ReMem: Streaming Video Understanding With Long Context Retention5 Oct 2026
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interaction1 Oct 2026
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistants29 Sep 2026
- 2026When to Retrieve, When to Stay: Uncertainty-Aware Temporal Evidence Allocation for Streaming Video-LLMs29 Sep 2026
- 2026Simple Agentic Memory for Generalist Robot Policies29 Sep 2026
- 2026DeltaS: Reading the Gated Linear Attention State for KV Cache Eviction in Streaming Video23 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Retrieval: Progressive Latent Memory Evolution for Streaming Video Understanding3 Sep 2026
21 more
- 2026SimpleMemVLA: A Simple but Effective Native-Video Memory for Vision-Language-Action Models2 Sep 2026
- 2026ShallowStream: Index Shallow then Answer Deep for Streaming Video Understanding2 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamScout: Learning When to Look Deeper for Streaming Video Understanding31 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamOPD: A Post-Training Recipe with Spatio-Temporal Cue Gating for Streaming Video Understanding17 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMs13 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamFlow: Dynamic Memory Flows for Streaming Video Understanding11 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamArena: Toward Continuous, Interactive, and Long-Horizon Agentic Streaming Video Understanding6 Aug 2026
- 2026ObjectStream: Latent Objects as Memory Anchors for Streaming Video Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Model27 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Spatial Supersensing in the Wild15 Jul 2026
- 2026FOLIO: Focused Semantic Memory for Streaming Video Understanding14 Jul 2026
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?15 Jun 2026
- 2026Streaming Interventions: Can Video Large Language Models Correct Mistakes as They Occur?8 Jun 2026
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wild7 Jun 2026
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMs2 Jun 2026
- 2026Q-GeoMem: Question-Guided Geometric Memory for Video Spatial Reasoning26 May 2026
- 2026OmniInteract: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming Interaction for Real-Time Omnimodal Assistants26 May 2026
- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligence25 May 2026
- 2026Semantic-Aware Adaptive Visual Memory for Streaming Video Understanding8 May 2026
- 2026VLMaxxing through FrameMogging Training-Free Anti-Recomputation for Video Vision-Language Models5 May 2026
- 2026CodecSight: Leveraging Video Codec Signals for Efficient Streaming VLM Inference7 Apr 2026
- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligencecited by 39
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMscited by 6
- 2026CodecSight: Leveraging Video Codec Signals for Efficient Streaming VLM Inferencecited by 5
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wildcited by 4
- 2026StreamFlow: Dynamic Memory Flows for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Retrieval: Progressive Latent Memory Evolution for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026VLMaxxing through FrameMogging Training-Free Anti-Recomputation for Video Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026ReMem: Streaming Video Understanding With Long Context Retentioncited by 0
- 2026ReMem: Streaming Video Understanding With Long Context Retention5 Oct 2026
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond Retrieval: Progressive Latent Memory Evolution for Streaming Video Understanding3 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamFlow: Dynamic Memory Flows for Streaming Video Understanding11 Aug 2026
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wild7 Jun 2026
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMs2 Jun 2026
- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligence25 May 2026
- 2026VLMaxxing through FrameMogging Training-Free Anti-Recomputation for Video Vision-Language Models5 May 2026
- 2026CodecSight: Leveraging Video Codec Signals for Efficient Streaming VLM Inference7 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Spatial Supersensing in the Wildcited by 4
- 2026Towards Spatial Supersensing in the Wild15 Jul 2026
- 2026Semantic-Aware Adaptive Visual Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 8
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?cited by 7
- 2026ObjectStream: Latent Objects as Memory Anchors for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 5
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMscited by 5
- 2026OmniInteract: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming Interaction for Real-Time Omnimodal Assistantscited by 4
- 2026FOLIO: Focused Semantic Memory for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 4
- 2026StreamScout: Learning When to Look Deeper for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 3
- 2026Streaming Interventions: Can Video Large Language Models Correct Mistakes as They Occur?cited by 1
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interactioncited by 1
- 2026When to Retrieve, When to Stay: Uncertainty-Aware Temporal Evidence Allocation for Streaming Video-LLMscited by 0
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistantscited by 0
- 2026FastBench: Can Streaming VLMs Perceive High-Dynamic Real-World Streams?cited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026EgoProbe: Benchmarking Long-Range and Exact Memory in Streaming Egocentric Videos12 Oct 2026
- 2026SPARE: Shared Perception and Adaptive Retrieval of Evidence for Streaming Video Understanding10 Oct 2026
- 2026FastBench: Can Streaming VLMs Perceive High-Dynamic Real-World Streams?8 Oct 2026
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interaction1 Oct 2026
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistants29 Sep 2026
- 2026When to Retrieve, When to Stay: Uncertainty-Aware Temporal Evidence Allocation for Streaming Video-LLMs29 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamScout: Learning When to Look Deeper for Streaming Video Understanding31 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMs13 Aug 2026
- 2026ObjectStream: Latent Objects as Memory Anchors for Streaming Video Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026FOLIO: Focused Semantic Memory for Streaming Video Understanding14 Jul 2026
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?15 Jun 2026
- 2026Streaming Interventions: Can Video Large Language Models Correct Mistakes as They Occur?8 Jun 2026
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)