PhoStream: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming for Omnimodal Assistants in Mobile Scenarios
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Video understanding with MLLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal Large Language Models excel at offline audio-visual understanding, but their ability to serve as mobile assistants in continuous real-world streams remains underexplored. In daily phone use, mobile assistants must track streaming audio-visual inputs and respond at the right time, yet existing benchmarks are often restricted to multiple-choice questions or use shorter videos. In this paper, we introduce PhoStream, the first mobile-centric streaming benchmark that unifies on-screen and off-screen scenarios to evaluate video, audio, and temporal reasoning. PhoStream contains 5,572 open-ended QA pairs from 578 videos across 4 scenarios and 10 capabilities. We build it with an Automated Generative Pipeline backed by rigorous human verification, and evaluate models using a realistic Online Inference Pipeline and LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation for open-ended responses. Experiments reveal a temporal asymmetry in LLM-judged scores (0-100): models perform well on Instant and Backward tasks (Gemini 3 Pro exceeds 80), but drop sharply on Forward tasks (16.40), largely due to early responses before the required visual and audio cues appear. This highlights a fundamental limitation: current MLLMs struggle to decide when to speak, not just what to say. Code and datasets used in this work will be made publicly accessible at https://github.com/Lucky-Lance/PhoStream.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Video understanding with MLLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 30 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2026.
Builds on
30 of 37 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025MMDuet2: Enhancing Proactive Interaction of Video MLLMs with Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning7 Dec
- 2025StreamingVLM: Real-Time Understanding for Infinite Video Streams10 Oct
- 2025OmniMMI: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Interaction Benchmark in Streaming Video Contexts29 Mar
- 2024StreamingBench: Assessing the Gap for MLLMs to Achieve Streaming Video Understanding6 Nov
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysis31 May
Other references · 25
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,510
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
- 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
- 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 561
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Datasetcited by 526
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2024Seed-TTS: A Family of High-Quality Versatile Speech Generation Modelscited by 300
- 2024VideoLLM-online: Online Video Large Language Model for Streaming Videocited by 225
13 more
- 2025Spatial-MLLM: Boosting MLLM Capabilities in Visual-based Spatial Intelligencecited by 217
- 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 197
- 2025Mobile-Agent-v3: Fundamental Agents for GUI Automationcited by 190
- 2025MiniCPM-V 4.5: Cooking Efficient MLLMs via Architecture, Data, and Training Recipecited by 186
- 2025OVO-Bench: How Far is Your Video-LLMs from Real-World Online Video Understanding?cited by 142
- 2025Dispider: Enabling Video LLMs with Active Real-Time Interaction via Disentangled Perception, Decision, and Reactioncited by 127
- 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agentscited by 113
- 2024OpenELM: An Efficient Language Model Family with Open Training and Inference Frameworkcited by 75
- 2023AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Modelscited by 68
- 2025ProactiveVideoQA: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluating Proactive Interactions in Video Large Language Modelscited by 27
- 2024BlueLM-V-3B: Algorithm and System Co-Design for Multimodal Large Language Models on Mobile Devicescited by 25
- 2025EgoBlind: Towards Egocentric Visual Assistance for the Blindcited by 21
- 2025SmartBench: Is Your LLM Truly a Good Chinese Smartphone Assistant?cited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.
10 papers.
- 2026A Simple Baseline for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 33
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agentscited by 22
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?cited by 7
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMscited by 5
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wildcited by 4
- 2026Omni-DuplexEval: Evaluating Real-time Duplex Omni-modal Interactioncited by 3
- 2026GuideMe: Multi-Domain Task Guidance and Intervention in Streaming Videocited by 1
- 2026X-Stream: Exploring MLLMs as Multiplexers for Multi-Stream Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Video-IFBench: Evaluating Instruction Following of Multimodal LLMs in Video Understanding Scenarioscited by 0
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistantscited by 0
- 2026APM-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-session Persistent Memory for Egocentric Streaming Video Assistants29 Sep 2026
- 2026Video-IFBench: Evaluating Instruction Following of Multimodal LLMs in Video Understanding Scenarios26 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMs13 Aug 2026
- 2026GuideMe: Multi-Domain Task Guidance and Intervention in Streaming Video3 Jul 2026
- 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?15 Jun 2026
- 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wild7 Jun 2026
- 2026X-Stream: Exploring MLLMs as Multiplexers for Multi-Stream Understanding1 Jun 2026
- 2026Omni-DuplexEval: Evaluating Real-time Duplex Omni-modal Interaction17 May 2026
- 2026A Simple Baseline for Streaming Video Understanding2 Apr 2026
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agents26 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026OmniInteract: Benchmarking Real-World Streaming Interaction for Real-Time Omnimodal Assistants
- 2026SONIC-O1: A Real-World Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models on Audio-Video Understanding
- 2026StreamArena: Toward Continuous, Interactive, and Long-Horizon Agentic Streaming Video Understanding
- 2025Daily-Omni: Towards Audio-Visual Reasoning with Temporal Alignment across Modalities
- 2026MMOU: A Massive Multi-Task Omni Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Long and Complex Real-World Videos
- 2025OmniVideoBench: Towards Audio-Visual Understanding Evaluation for Omni MLLMs
- 2026StreamOV: Streaming Omni-Video Understanding via Evidence-Guided Memory and Response Triggering
- 2025StreamGaze: Gaze-Guided Temporal Reasoning and Proactive Understanding in Streaming Videos