mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Streaming Video Instruction Tuning

arXiv 2512.21334 ↗First posted 24 Dec 2025cs.CVcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Streamo, a real-time streaming video LLM that serves as a general-purpose interactive assistant. Unlike existing online video models that focus narrowly on question answering or captioning, Streamo performs a broad spectrum of streaming video tasks, including real-time narration, action understanding, event captioning, temporal event grounding, and time-sensitive question answering. To develop such versatility, we construct Streamo-Instruct-465K, a large-scale instruction-following dataset tailored for streaming video understanding. The dataset covers diverse temporal contexts and multi-task supervision, enabling unified training across heterogeneous streaming tasks. After training end-to-end on the instruction-following dataset through a streamlined pipeline, Streamo exhibits strong temporal reasoning, responsive interaction, and broad generalization across a variety of streaming benchmarks. Extensive experiments show that Streamo bridges the gap between offline video perception models and real-time multimodal assistants, making a step toward unified, intelligent video understanding in continuous video streams.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Dec 2025.

Builds on

51 of 57 references.

References · 51

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  2. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  3. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  4. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  5. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  6. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  7. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  8. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  9. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
  10. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
  11. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  12. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
38 more
  1. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
  2. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
  3. 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,177
  4. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
  5. 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understandingcited by 665
  6. 2017Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Languagecited by 663
  7. 2017Towards Automatic Learning of Procedures from Web Instructional Videoscited by 619
  8. 2017TALL: Temporal Activity Localization via Language Querycited by 584
  9. 2025GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Modelscited by 467
  10. 2025GLM-4.5V and GLM-4.1V-Thinking: Towards Versatile Multimodal Reasoning with Scalable Reinforcement Learningcited by 466
  11. 2022InternVideo: General Video Foundation Models via Generative and Discriminative Learningcited by 447
  12. 2024ShareGPT4Video: Improving Video Understanding and Generation with Better Captionscited by 388
  13. 2024TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?cited by 363
  14. 2024LongVU: Spatiotemporal Adaptive Compression for Long Video-Language Understandingcited by 356
  15. 2019COIN: A Large-scale Dataset for Comprehensive Instructional Video Analysiscited by 318
  16. 2024VideoLLM-online: Online Video Large Language Model for Streaming Videocited by 225
  17. 2025InternVideo2.5: Empowering Video MLLMs with Long and Rich Context Modelingcited by 211
  18. 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 197
  19. 2024Flash-VStream: Memory-Based Real-Time Understanding for Long Video Streamscited by 169
  20. 2023Query-Dependent Video Representation for Moment Retrieval and Highlight Detectioncited by 166
  21. 2024Oryx MLLM: On-Demand Spatial-Temporal Understanding at Arbitrary Resolutioncited by 159
  22. 2025OVO-Bench: How Far is Your Video-LLMs from Real-World Online Video Understanding?cited by 142
  23. 2024Koala-36M: A Large-scale Video Dataset Improving Consistency between Fine-grained Conditions and Video Contentcited by 135
  24. 2025Dispider: Enabling Video LLMs with Active Real-Time Interaction via Disentangled Perception, Decision, and Reactioncited by 127
  25. 2024VideoGPT+: Integrating Image and Video Encoders for Enhanced Video Understandingcited by 115
  26. 2025StreamingVLM: Real-Time Understanding for Infinite Video Streamscited by 95
  27. 2025Ola: Pushing the Frontiers of Omni-Modal Language Modelcited by 83
  28. 2020Multimodal Pretraining for Dense Video Captioningcited by 79
  29. 2025Streaming Video Understanding and Multi-round Interaction with Memory-enhanced Knowledgecited by 73
  30. 2025Kwai Keye-VL 1.5 Technical Reportcited by 73
  31. 2024E.T. Bench: Towards Open-Ended Event-Level Video-Language Understandingcited by 70
  32. 2023Grounded Question-Answering in Long Egocentric Videoscited by 64
  33. 2025StreamBridge: Turning Your Offline Video Large Language Model into a Proactive Streaming Assistantcited by 63
  34. 2025SVBench: A Benchmark with Temporal Multi-Turn Dialogues for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 57
  35. 2023Shot2Story: A New Benchmark for Comprehensive Understanding of Multi-shot Videoscited by 54
  36. 2024VideoLLM Knows When to Speak: Enhancing Time-Sensitive Video Comprehension with Video-Text Duet Interaction Formatcited by 47
  37. 2025ViSpeak: Visual Instruction Feedback in Streaming Videoscited by 42
  38. 2025ARC-Hunyuan-Video-7B: Structured Video Comprehension of Real-World Shortscited by 41

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 26.

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  1. 2026A Simple Baseline for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 33
  2. 2026Video Streaming Thinking: VideoLLMs Can Watch and Think Simultaneouslycited by 22
  3. 2026Thinking in Streaming Videocited by 16
  4. 2026AURA: Always-On Understanding and Real-Time Assistance via Video Streamscited by 16
  5. 2026VideoChat3: Fully Open Video MLLM for Efficient and Generalist Video Understandingcited by 10
  6. 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 10
  7. 2026IPIBench: Evaluating Interactive Proactive Intelligence of MLLMs under Continuous Streamscited by 7
  8. 2026What Should a Streaming Video Model Remember?cited by 7
  9. 2026EvoStreaming: Your Offline Video Model Is a Natively Streaming Assistantcited by 5
  10. 2026StreamOV: Streaming Omni-Video Understanding via Evidence-Guided Memory and Response Triggeringcited by 5
  11. 2026StreamTTT: Reconciling Real-Time Perception and Long-Term Memory in Streaming VLMscited by 5
  12. 2026MOSS-VL Technical Reportcited by 5
14 more
  1. 2026StreamingClaw Technical Reportcited by 4
  2. 2026StreamPro: From Reactive Perception to Proactive Decision-Making in Streaming Videocited by 4
  3. 2026Visual Agentic Memory: Enabling Online Long Video Understanding via Online Indexing, Hierarchical Memory, and Agentic Retrievalcited by 3
  4. 2026Multimodal Duplex Interaction Agentcited by 3
  5. 2026ShallowStream: Index Shallow then Answer Deep for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 2
  6. 2026Don't Pause: Streaming Video-Language Synchrony for Online Video Understandingcited by 1
  7. 2026Streaming Interventions: Can Video Large Language Models Correct Mistakes as They Occur?cited by 1
  8. 2026Beyond Retrieval: Progressive Latent Memory Evolution for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 1
  9. 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interactioncited by 1
  10. 2026X-Stream: Exploring MLLMs as Multiplexers for Multi-Stream Understandingcited by 0
  11. 2026LiveProBench: Can Streaming Video Models Really Interact Like Humans?cited by 0
  12. 2026EGSD: Event-Grounded Self-Distillation for Streaming Video Understandingcited by 0
  13. 2026When to Retrieve, When to Stay: Uncertainty-Aware Temporal Evidence Allocation for Streaming Video-LLMscited by 0
  14. 2026DeltaStreamer: Towards Human-Like Agentic Streaming Video Understandingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026StreamArena: Toward Continuous, Interactive, and Long-Horizon Agentic Streaming Video Understanding
  2. 2026StreamReady: Learning What to Answer and When in Long Streaming Videos
  3. 2025LiveStar: Live Streaming Assistant for Real-World Online Video Understanding
  4. 2025StreamingCoT: A Dataset for Temporal Dynamics and Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Streaming VideoQA
  5. 2024StreamingBench: Assessing the Gap for MLLMs to Achieve Streaming Video Understanding
  6. 2025StreamEQA: Towards Streaming Video Understanding for Embodied Scenarios
  7. 2026Harnessing Streaming Video in the Wild
  8. 2025StreamGaze: Gaze-Guided Temporal Reasoning and Proactive Understanding in Streaming Videos