mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous driving

arXiv 2602.23499 ↗First posted 26 Feb 2026cs.RO cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture

Abstract (arXiv)

Collecting a high-quality dataset is a critical task that demands meticulous attention to detail, as overlooking certain aspects can render the entire dataset unusable. Autonomous driving challenges remain a prominent area of research, requiring further exploration to enhance the perception and planning performance of vehicles. However, existing datasets are often incomplete. For instance, datasets that include perception information generally lack planning data, while planning datasets typically consist of extensive driving sequences where the ego vehicle predominantly drives forward, offering limited behavioral diversity. In addition, many real datasets struggle to evaluate their models, especially for planning tasks, since they lack a proper closed-loop evaluation setup. The CARLA Leaderboard 2.0 challenge, which provides a diverse set of scenarios to address the long-tail problem in autonomous driving, has emerged as a valuable alternative platform for developing perception and planning models in both open-loop and closed-loop evaluation setups. Nevertheless, existing datasets collected on this platform present certain limitations. Some datasets appear to be tailored primarily for limited sensor configuration, with particular sensor configurations. To support end-to-end autonomous driving research, we have collected a new dataset comprising over 2.85 million frames using the CARLA simulation environment for the diverse Leaderboard 2.0 challenge scenarios. Our dataset is designed not only for planning tasks but also supports dynamic object detection, lane divider detection, centerline detection, traffic light recognition, prediction tasks and visual language action models . Furthermore, we demonstrate its versatility by training various models using our dataset. Moreover, we also provide numerical rarity scores to understand how rarely the current state occurs in the dataset.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 45 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2026.

Builds on

45 of 54 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024NAVSIM: Data-Driven Non-Reactive Autonomous Vehicle Simulation and Benchmarking21 Jun
  2. 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Driving6 Jun
  3. 2024Towards learning-based planning:The nuPlan benchmark for real-world autonomous driving7 Mar
  4. 2023Is Ego Status All You Need for Open-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Driving?5 Dec
  5. 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving31 May

Other references · 40

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28 more
  1. 2020Designing Network Design Spacescited by 954
  2. 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
  3. 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
  4. 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 324
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  18. 2024Can Vehicle Motion Planning Generalize to Realistic Long-tail Scenarios?cited by 38
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  21. 2024LanEvil: Benchmarking the Robustness of Lane Detection to Environmental Illusionscited by 18
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Benchmarking Autonomous Driving Planners Across Leaderboards: A Unified CARLA-Based Evaluation
  2. 2026StandardE2E: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Datasets
  3. 2024Hidden Biases of End-to-End Driving Datasets
  4. 2026A Survey on End-to-End Autonomous Driving Training from the Perspectives of Data, Strategy, and Platform
  5. 2025Data Scaling Laws for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  6. 2024Analysis of a Modular Autonomous Driving Architecture: The Top Submission to CARLA Leaderboard 2.0 Challenge
  7. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers
  8. 2025PAVE: An End-to-End Dataset for Production Autonomous Vehicle Evaluation