mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ONCE-3DLanes: Building Monocular 3D Lane Detection

arXiv 2205.00301 ↗First posted 30 Apr 2022cs.CVcited by 44

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present ONCE-3DLanes, a real-world autonomous driving dataset with lane layout annotation in 3D space. Conventional 2D lane detection from a monocular image yields poor performance of following planning and control tasks in autonomous driving due to the case of uneven road. Predicting the 3D lane layout is thus necessary and enables effective and safe driving. However, existing 3D lane detection datasets are either unpublished or synthesized from a simulated environment, severely hampering the development of this field. In this paper, we take steps towards addressing these issues. By exploiting the explicit relationship between point clouds and image pixels, a dataset annotation pipeline is designed to automatically generate high-quality 3D lane locations from 2D lane annotations in 211K road scenes. In addition, we present an extrinsic-free, anchor-free method, called SALAD, regressing the 3D coordinates of lanes in image view without converting the feature map into the bird's-eye view (BEV). To facilitate future research on 3D lane detection, we benchmark the dataset and provide a novel evaluation metric, performing extensive experiments of both existing approaches and our proposed method. The aim of our work is to revive the interest of 3D lane detection in a real-world scenario. We believe our work can lead to the expected and unexpected innovations in both academia and industry.

Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2022.

Builds on

27 of 43 references.

References · 27

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
  4. 2020Axial-DeepLab: Stand-Alone Axial-Attention for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 326
  5. 2021One Million Scenes for Autonomous Driving: ONCE Datasetcited by 218
  6. 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 202
  7. 2017Spatial As Deep: Spatial CNN for Traffic Scene Understandingcited by 187
  8. 2019Learning Lightweight Lane Detection CNNs by Self Attention Distillationcited by 162
  9. 2018Towards End-to-End Lane Detection: an Instance Segmentation Approachcited by 129
  10. 2020Ultra Fast Structure-aware Deep Lane Detectioncited by 121
  11. 20183D-LaneNet: End-to-End 3D Multiple Lane Detectioncited by 106
  12. 2018In Defense of Classical Image Processing: Fast Depth Completion on the CPUcited by 96
15 more
  1. 2020PolyLaneNet: Lane Estimation via Deep Polynomial Regressioncited by 95
  2. 2021CondLaneNet: a Top-to-down Lane Detection Framework Based on Conditional Convolutioncited by 95
  3. 2020Key Points Estimation and Point Instance Segmentation Approach for Lane Detectioncited by 77
  4. 2020RESA: Recurrent Feature-Shift Aggregator for Lane Detectioncited by 77
  5. 2020Gen-LaneNet: A Generalized and Scalable Approach for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 75
  6. 2021Focus on Local: Detecting Lane Marker from Bottom Up via Key Pointcited by 65
  7. 2018LIDAR-Camera Fusion for Road Detection Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 41
  8. 2021LaneAF: Robust Multi-Lane Detection with Affinity Fieldscited by 41
  9. 2020Hierarchical Recurrent Attention Networks for Structured Online Mapscited by 38
  10. 2019End-to-end Lane Detection through Differentiable Least-Squares Fittingcited by 36
  11. 20203D-LaneNet+: Anchor Free Lane Detection using a Semi-Local Representationcited by 32
  12. 2019Deep Multi-Sensor Lane Detectioncited by 30
  13. 2021Structure Guided Lane Detectioncited by 27
  14. 2020Synthetic-to-Real Domain Adaptation for Lane Detectioncited by 11
  15. 2020Semi-Local 3D Lane Detection and Uncertainty Estimationcited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 15; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.

44 papers.

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  1. 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
  2. 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
  3. 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 48
  4. 2023LATR: 3D Lane Detection from Monocular Images with Transformercited by 44
  5. 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
  6. 2022CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 40
  7. 2023Data-driven Traffic Simulation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 29
  8. 2024TopoLogic: An Interpretable Pipeline for Lane Topology Reasoning on Driving Scenescited by 29
  9. 2023Open-sourced Data Ecosystem in Autonomous Driving: the Present and Futurecited by 22
  10. 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priorscited by 17
  11. 2023Building Lane-Level Maps from Aerial Imagescited by 12
  12. 2023GroupLane: End-to-End 3D Lane Detection with Channel-wise Groupingcited by 11
32 more
  1. 2024CurveFormer++: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Temporal Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 10
  2. 2022WS-3D-Lane: Weakly Supervised 3D Lane Detection With 2D Lane Labelscited by 9
  3. 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles Part II: Perception and Planningcited by 9
  4. 2024Monocular 3D lane detection for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlookscited by 9
  5. 2024DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representationcited by 9
  6. 2025TopoPoint: Enhance Topology Reasoning via Endpoint Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  7. 2022M2-3DLaneNet: Exploring Multi-Modal 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
  8. 2023An Efficient Transformer for Simultaneous Learning of BEV and Lane Representations in 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
  9. 2023A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 7
  10. 2023TopoMask: Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem via Transformer-Based Architecturecited by 5
  11. 2024RepVF: A Unified Vector Fields Representation for Multi-task 3D Perceptioncited by 5
  12. 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understandingcited by 5
  13. 2023Dense Hybrid Proposal Modulation for Lane Detectioncited by 4
  14. 2023Decoupling the Curve Modeling and Pavement Regression for Lane Detectioncited by 4
  15. 2023Advancements in 3D Lane Detection Using LiDAR Point Clouds: From Data Collection to Model Developmentcited by 4
  16. 2024HeightLane: BEV Heightmap guided 3D Lane Detectioncited by 4
  17. 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
  18. 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 4
  19. 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 3
  20. 2025GLane3D : Detecting Lanes with Graph of 3D Keypointscited by 3
  21. 2025Rethinking Lanes and Points in Complex Scenarios for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 2
  22. 2025nuScenes Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
  23. 2025Datasets for Lane Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 1
  24. 2025DB3D-L: Depth-aware BEV Feature Transformation for Accurate 3D Lane Detectioncited by 1
  25. 2025Guided Diffusion-based Generation of Adversarial Objects for Real-World Monocular Depth Estimation Attackscited by 1
  26. 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous drivingcited by 1
  27. 2025Breaking Down Monocular Ambiguity: Exploiting Temporal Evolution for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
  28. 2025Depth3DLane: Fusing Monocular 3D Lane Detection with Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
  29. 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queriescited by 0
  30. 2026ReManNet: A Riemannian Manifold Network for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
  31. 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
  32. 20263D Lane Detection with Odometry for High-Speed Vehicle Racingcited by 0