ONCE-3DLanes: Building Monocular 3D Lane Detection
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present ONCE-3DLanes, a real-world autonomous driving dataset with lane layout annotation in 3D space. Conventional 2D lane detection from a monocular image yields poor performance of following planning and control tasks in autonomous driving due to the case of uneven road. Predicting the 3D lane layout is thus necessary and enables effective and safe driving. However, existing 3D lane detection datasets are either unpublished or synthesized from a simulated environment, severely hampering the development of this field. In this paper, we take steps towards addressing these issues. By exploiting the explicit relationship between point clouds and image pixels, a dataset annotation pipeline is designed to automatically generate high-quality 3D lane locations from 2D lane annotations in 211K road scenes. In addition, we present an extrinsic-free, anchor-free method, called SALAD, regressing the 3D coordinates of lanes in image view without converting the feature map into the bird's-eye view (BEV). To facilitate future research on 3D lane detection, we benchmark the dataset and provide a novel evaluation metric, performing extensive experiments of both existing approaches and our proposed method. The aim of our work is to revive the interest of 3D lane detection in a real-world scenario. We believe our work can lead to the expected and unexpected innovations in both academia and industry.
Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2022.
Builds on
27 of 43 references.
References · 27
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
- 2020Axial-DeepLab: Stand-Alone Axial-Attention for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 326
- 2021One Million Scenes for Autonomous Driving: ONCE Datasetcited by 218
- 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 202
- 2017Spatial As Deep: Spatial CNN for Traffic Scene Understandingcited by 187
- 2019Learning Lightweight Lane Detection CNNs by Self Attention Distillationcited by 162
- 2018Towards End-to-End Lane Detection: an Instance Segmentation Approachcited by 129
- 2020Ultra Fast Structure-aware Deep Lane Detectioncited by 121
- 20183D-LaneNet: End-to-End 3D Multiple Lane Detectioncited by 106
- 2018In Defense of Classical Image Processing: Fast Depth Completion on the CPUcited by 96
15 more
- 2020PolyLaneNet: Lane Estimation via Deep Polynomial Regressioncited by 95
- 2021CondLaneNet: a Top-to-down Lane Detection Framework Based on Conditional Convolutioncited by 95
- 2020Key Points Estimation and Point Instance Segmentation Approach for Lane Detectioncited by 77
- 2020RESA: Recurrent Feature-Shift Aggregator for Lane Detectioncited by 77
- 2020Gen-LaneNet: A Generalized and Scalable Approach for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 75
- 2021Focus on Local: Detecting Lane Marker from Bottom Up via Key Pointcited by 65
- 2018LIDAR-Camera Fusion for Road Detection Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 41
- 2021LaneAF: Robust Multi-Lane Detection with Affinity Fieldscited by 41
- 2020Hierarchical Recurrent Attention Networks for Structured Online Mapscited by 38
- 2019End-to-end Lane Detection through Differentiable Least-Squares Fittingcited by 36
- 20203D-LaneNet+: Anchor Free Lane Detection using a Semi-Local Representationcited by 32
- 2019Deep Multi-Sensor Lane Detectioncited by 30
- 2021Structure Guided Lane Detectioncited by 27
- 2020Synthetic-to-Real Domain Adaptation for Lane Detectioncited by 11
- 2020Semi-Local 3D Lane Detection and Uncertainty Estimationcited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 15; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.
44 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
- 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 48
- 2023LATR: 3D Lane Detection from Monocular Images with Transformercited by 44
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
- 2022CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 40
- 2023Data-driven Traffic Simulation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 29
- 2024TopoLogic: An Interpretable Pipeline for Lane Topology Reasoning on Driving Scenescited by 29
- 2023Open-sourced Data Ecosystem in Autonomous Driving: the Present and Futurecited by 22
- 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priorscited by 17
- 2023Building Lane-Level Maps from Aerial Imagescited by 12
- 2023GroupLane: End-to-End 3D Lane Detection with Channel-wise Groupingcited by 11
32 more
- 2024CurveFormer++: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Temporal Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 10
- 2022WS-3D-Lane: Weakly Supervised 3D Lane Detection With 2D Lane Labelscited by 9
- 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles Part II: Perception and Planningcited by 9
- 2024Monocular 3D lane detection for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlookscited by 9
- 2024DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representationcited by 9
- 2025TopoPoint: Enhance Topology Reasoning via Endpoint Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
- 2022M2-3DLaneNet: Exploring Multi-Modal 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
- 2023An Efficient Transformer for Simultaneous Learning of BEV and Lane Representations in 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
- 2023A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 7
- 2023TopoMask: Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem via Transformer-Based Architecturecited by 5
- 2024RepVF: A Unified Vector Fields Representation for Multi-task 3D Perceptioncited by 5
- 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understandingcited by 5
- 2023Dense Hybrid Proposal Modulation for Lane Detectioncited by 4
- 2023Decoupling the Curve Modeling and Pavement Regression for Lane Detectioncited by 4
- 2023Advancements in 3D Lane Detection Using LiDAR Point Clouds: From Data Collection to Model Developmentcited by 4
- 2024HeightLane: BEV Heightmap guided 3D Lane Detectioncited by 4
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
- 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 4
- 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 3
- 2025GLane3D : Detecting Lanes with Graph of 3D Keypointscited by 3
- 2025Rethinking Lanes and Points in Complex Scenarios for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 2
- 2025nuScenes Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025Datasets for Lane Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 1
- 2025DB3D-L: Depth-aware BEV Feature Transformation for Accurate 3D Lane Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Guided Diffusion-based Generation of Adversarial Objects for Real-World Monocular Depth Estimation Attackscited by 1
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous drivingcited by 1
- 2025Breaking Down Monocular Ambiguity: Exploiting Temporal Evolution for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Depth3DLane: Fusing Monocular 3D Lane Detection with Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queriescited by 0
- 2026ReManNet: A Riemannian Manifold Network for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
- 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 0
- 20263D Lane Detection with Odometry for High-Speed Vehicle Racingcited by 0
- 20263D Lane Detection with Odometry for High-Speed Vehicle Racing15 Jul 2026
- 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detection30 Jun 2026
- 2026ReManNet: A Riemannian Manifold Network for Monocular 3D Lane Detection20 Mar 2026
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous driving26 Feb 2026
- 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detection8 Jan 2026
- 2025Guided Diffusion-based Generation of Adversarial Objects for Real-World Monocular Depth Estimation Attacks30 Dec 2025
- 2025nuScenes Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Autonomous Driving2 Dec 2025
- 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queries17 Nov 2025
- 2025Depth3DLane: Fusing Monocular 3D Lane Detection with Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation18 Jul 2025
- 2025TopoPoint: Enhance Topology Reasoning via Endpoint Detection in Autonomous Driving23 May 2025
- 2025DB3D-L: Depth-aware BEV Feature Transformation for Accurate 3D Lane Detection19 May 2025
- 2025Breaking Down Monocular Ambiguity: Exploiting Temporal Evolution for 3D Lane Detection29 Apr 2025
32 more
- 2025Datasets for Lane Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review11 Apr 2025
- 2025GLane3D : Detecting Lanes with Graph of 3D Keypoints31 Mar 2025
- 2025Rethinking Lanes and Points in Complex Scenarios for Monocular 3D Lane Detection8 Mar 2025
- 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understanding25 Dec 2024
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Survey25 Nov 2024
- 2024HeightLane: BEV Heightmap guided 3D Lane Detection15 Aug 2024
- 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotation31 Jul 2024
- 2024RepVF: A Unified Vector Fields Representation for Multi-task 3D Perception15 Jul 2024
- 2024DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representation23 Jun 2024
- 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priors12 Jun 2024
- 2024TopoLogic: An Interpretable Pipeline for Lane Topology Reasoning on Driving Scenes23 May 2024
- 2024Monocular 3D lane detection for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlooks10 Apr 2024
- 2024CurveFormer++: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Temporal Curve Queries and Attention9 Feb 2024
- 2023Building Lane-Level Maps from Aerial Images20 Dec 2023
- 2023Open-sourced Data Ecosystem in Autonomous Driving: the Present and Future6 Dec 2023
- 2023Data-driven Traffic Simulation: A Comprehensive Review24 Oct 2023
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoning10 Oct 2023
- 2023Advancements in 3D Lane Detection Using LiDAR Point Clouds: From Data Collection to Model Development24 Sep 2023
- 2023A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotation21 Sep 2023
- 2023Decoupling the Curve Modeling and Pavement Regression for Lane Detection19 Sep 2023
- 2023LATR: 3D Lane Detection from Monocular Images with Transformer8 Aug 2023
- 2023GroupLane: End-to-End 3D Lane Detection with Channel-wise Grouping18 Jul 2023
- 2023TopoMask: Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem via Transformer-Based Architecture8 Jun 2023
- 2023An Efficient Transformer for Simultaneous Learning of BEV and Lane Representations in 3D Lane Detection8 Jun 2023
- 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles Part II: Perception and Planning3 Jun 2023
- 2023Dense Hybrid Proposal Modulation for Lane Detection28 Apr 2023
- 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mapping20 Apr 2023
- 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detection6 Jan 2023
- 2022WS-3D-Lane: Weakly Supervised 3D Lane Detection With 2D Lane Labels23 Sep 2022
- 2022CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attention16 Sep 2022
- 2022M2-3DLaneNet: Exploring Multi-Modal 3D Lane Detection13 Sep 2022
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipe12 Sep 2022
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
- 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 48
- 2023LATR: 3D Lane Detection from Monocular Images with Transformercited by 44
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
- 2022CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 40
- 2023Data-driven Traffic Simulation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 29
- 2024TopoLogic: An Interpretable Pipeline for Lane Topology Reasoning on Driving Scenescited by 29
- 2023Open-sourced Data Ecosystem in Autonomous Driving: the Present and Futurecited by 22
- 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priorscited by 17
- 2023Building Lane-Level Maps from Aerial Imagescited by 12
- 2023GroupLane: End-to-End 3D Lane Detection with Channel-wise Groupingcited by 11
12 most cited of 42 All 42 (JSON)
- 20263D Lane Detection with Odometry for High-Speed Vehicle Racing15 Jul 2026
- 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detection30 Jun 2026
- 2026ReManNet: A Riemannian Manifold Network for Monocular 3D Lane Detection20 Mar 2026
- 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detection8 Jan 2026
- 2025nuScenes Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Autonomous Driving2 Dec 2025
- 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queries17 Nov 2025
- 2025Depth3DLane: Fusing Monocular 3D Lane Detection with Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation18 Jul 2025
- 2025TopoPoint: Enhance Topology Reasoning via Endpoint Detection in Autonomous Driving23 May 2025
- 2025DB3D-L: Depth-aware BEV Feature Transformation for Accurate 3D Lane Detection19 May 2025
- 2025Breaking Down Monocular Ambiguity: Exploiting Temporal Evolution for 3D Lane Detection29 Apr 2025
- 2025Datasets for Lane Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review11 Apr 2025
- 2025GLane3D : Detecting Lanes with Graph of 3D Keypoints31 Mar 2025
12 newest of 42 All 42 (JSON)