mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Graph-based Topology Reasoning for Driving Scenes

arXiv 2304.05277 ↗First posted 11 Apr 2023cs.CVcited by 53

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → VLMs for autonomous driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Understanding the road genome is essential to realize autonomous driving. This highly intelligent problem contains two aspects - the connection relationship of lanes, and the assignment relationship between lanes and traffic elements, where a comprehensive topology reasoning method is vacant. On one hand, previous map learning techniques struggle in deriving lane connectivity with segmentation or laneline paradigms; or prior lane topology-oriented approaches focus on centerline detection and neglect the interaction modeling. On the other hand, the traffic element to lane assignment problem is limited in the image domain, leaving how to construct the correspondence from two views an unexplored challenge. To address these issues, we present TopoNet, the first end-to-end framework capable of abstracting traffic knowledge beyond conventional perception tasks. To capture the driving scene topology, we introduce three key designs: (1) an embedding module to incorporate semantic knowledge from 2D elements into a unified feature space; (2) a curated scene graph neural network to model relationships and enable feature interaction inside the network; (3) instead of transmitting messages arbitrarily, a scene knowledge graph is devised to differentiate prior knowledge from various types of the road genome. We evaluate TopoNet on the challenging scene understanding benchmark, OpenLane-V2, where our approach outperforms all previous works by a great margin on all perceptual and topological metrics. The code is released at https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/TopoNet

Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLMs for autonomous driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 57 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2023.

Builds on

57 of 81 references.

References · 57

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38 more
  1. 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
  2. 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
  3. 2019MultiPath: Multiple Probabilistic Anchor Trajectory Hypotheses for Behavior Predictioncited by 417
  4. 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 391
  5. 2020Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecastingcited by 380
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  13. 2020Predicting Semantic Map Representations from Images using Pyramid Occupancy Networkscited by 175
  14. 2019Cross-view Semantic Segmentation for Sensing Surroundingscited by 173
  15. 2022M2BEV: Multi-Camera Joint 3D Detection and Segmentation with Unified Birds-Eye View Representationcited by 155
  16. 2022PolarFormer: Multi-camera 3D Object Detection with Polar Transformercited by 147
  17. 2022PersFormer: 3D Lane Detection via Perspective Transformer and the OpenLane Benchmarkcited by 140
  18. 2020Keep your Eyes on the Lane: Real-time Attention-guided Lane Detectioncited by 137
  19. 2021A Comprehensive Survey of Scene Graphs: Generation and Applicationcited by 125
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  21. 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
  22. 2022HDGT: Heterogeneous Driving Graph Transformer for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction via Scene Encodingcited by 109
  23. 20183D-LaneNet: End-to-End 3D Multiple Lane Detectioncited by 106
  24. 2021Structured Bird's-Eye-View Traffic Scene Understanding from Onboard Imagescited by 98
  25. 2021SeqFormer: Sequential Transformer for Video Instance Segmentationcited by 98
  26. 2020Gen-LaneNet: A Generalized and Scalable Approach for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 75
  27. 2020Sat2Graph: Road Graph Extraction through Graph-Tensor Encodingcited by 55
  28. 2023Lane Graph as Path: Continuity-preserving Path-wise Modeling for Online Lane Graph Constructioncited by 50
  29. 2020DAGMapper: Learning to Map by Discovering Lane Topologycited by 49
  30. 2023InstaGraM: Instance-level Graph Modeling for Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 40
  31. 2020Scene-Graph Augmented Data-Driven Risk Assessment of Autonomous Vehicle Decisionscited by 34
  32. 2021Topology Preserving Local Road Network Estimation from Single Onboard Camera Imagecited by 34
  33. 2020Understanding Bird's-Eye View of Road Semantics using an Onboard Cameracited by 29
  34. 2021Spatio-Temporal Scene-Graph Embedding for Autonomous Vehicle Collision Predictioncited by 29
  35. 2019Learning 3D-aware Egocentric Spatial-Temporal Interaction via Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 22
  36. 2023Learning and Aggregating Lane Graphs for Urban Automated Drivingcited by 20
  37. 2021Lane Graph Estimation for Scene Understanding in Urban Drivingcited by 18
  38. 2021SPIN Road Mapper: Extracting Roads from Aerial Images via Spatial and Interaction Space Graph Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 18

50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 12; 2025: 19; 2026: 14.

53 papers.

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  1. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 485
  2. 2023Visual Point Cloud Forecasting enables Scalable Autonomous Drivingcited by 97
  3. 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
  4. 2023Augmenting Lane Perception and Topology Understanding with Standard Definition Navigation Mapscited by 58
  5. 2023LaneSegNet: Map Learning with Lane Segment Perception for Autonomous Drivingcited by 57
  6. 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
  7. 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
  8. 2024RoadPainter: Points Are Ideal Navigators for Topology transformERcited by 17
  9. 2025Chameleon: Fast-slow Neuro-symbolic Lane Topology Extractioncited by 16
  10. 2024SemVecNet: Generalizable Vector Map Generation for Arbitrary Sensor Configurationscited by 12
  11. 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
  12. 2025SMART: Advancing Scalable Map Priors for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 12
38 more
  1. 2024Enhancing Online Road Network Perception and Reasoning with Standard Definition Mapscited by 11
  2. 2025SeqGrowGraph: Learning Lane Topology as a Chain of Graph Expansionscited by 10
  3. 2024PriorDrive: Enhancing Online HD Mapping with Unified Vector Priorscited by 9
  4. 2025Topo2Seq: Enhanced Topology Reasoning via Topology Sequence Learningcited by 9
  5. 2025SEPT: Standard-Definition Map Enhanced Scene Perception and Topology Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  6. 2025Reusing Attention for One-stage Lane Topology Understandingcited by 9
  7. 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problemcited by 7
  8. 2023TopoMask: Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem via Transformer-Based Architecturecited by 5
  9. 2024Enhancing Lane Segment Perception and Topology Reasoning with Crowdsourcing Trajectory Priorscited by 5
  10. 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understandingcited by 5
  11. 2025LaneDiffusion: Improving Centerline Graph Learning via Prior Injected BEV Feature Generationcited by 5
  12. 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
  13. 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 3
  14. 2025MapGS: Generalizable Pretraining and Data Augmentation for Online Mapping via Novel View Synthesiscited by 3
  15. 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
  16. 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Mapscited by 3
  17. 2025FASTopoWM: Fast-Slow Lane Segment Topology Reasoning with Latent World Modelscited by 3
  18. 2025RATopo: Improving Lane Topology Reasoning via Redundancy Assignmentcited by 3
  19. 2025UniMapGen: A Generative Framework for Large-Scale Map Construction from Multi-modal Datacited by 3
  20. 2025SD++: Enhancing Standard Definition Maps by Incorporating Road Knowledge using LLMscited by 2
  21. 2025A Concise Survey on Lane Topology Reasoning for HD Mappingcited by 2
  22. 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenescited by 2
  23. 2025CauSight: Learning to Supersense for Visual Causal Discoverycited by 2
  24. 2026Bridging Structure and Language: Graph-Based Visual Reasoning for Autonomous Road Understandingcited by 2
  25. 2024EMPERROR: A Flexible Generative Perception Error Model for Probing Self-Driving Plannerscited by 1
  26. 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priorscited by 1
  27. 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous drivingcited by 1
  28. 2026TopoMaskV3: 3D Mask Head with Dense Offset and Height Predictions for Road Topology Understandingcited by 1
  29. 2026GeoReFormer: Geometry-Aware Refinement for Lane Segment Detection and Topology Reasoningcited by 1
  30. 2026TopoHR: Hierarchical Centerline Representation for Cyclic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes with Point-to-Instance Relationscited by 1
  31. 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planningcited by 1
  32. 2026Unified Modeling of Lane and Lane Topology for Driving Scene Reasoningcited by 1
  33. 2023Occlusion-Aware 2D and 3D Centerline Detection for Urban Driving via Automatic Label Generationcited by 0
  34. 2025Fine-Grained Representation for Lane Topology Reasoningcited by 0
  35. 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertaintiescited by 0
  36. 2026OmniTraffic: A Controllable Generation Pipeline and Benchmark for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Reasoningcited by 0
  37. 2026Generative Lane Topology Reasoning via Autoregressive Model with Geometry Priorcited by 0
  38. 2026WASABI: Whole-graph Assignment-based Stabilizer for lAne topology By Inter-frame trackingcited by 0

50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)

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  1. 2026TopoCurve: Geometry-Aware Topology Reasoning via B'ezier Curves in Autonomous Driving
  2. 2025Are VLMs Ready for Lane Topology Awareness in Autonomous Driving?
  3. 2025GraphPilot: Grounded Scene Graph Conditioning for Language-Based Autonomous Driving
  4. 2025From Static to Dynamic: a Survey of Topology-Aware Perception in Autonomous Driving
  5. 2025RoadSceneBench: A Lightweight Benchmark for Mid-Level Road Scene Understanding
  6. 2025Predicting the Road Ahead: A Knowledge Graph based Foundation Model for Scene Understanding in Autonomous Driving
  7. 2026Reasoning to Regulate: Chain-of-Thought for Traffic Rule Understanding
  8. 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving