Graph-based Topology Reasoning for Driving Scenes
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → VLMs for autonomous driving
Abstract (arXiv)
Understanding the road genome is essential to realize autonomous driving. This highly intelligent problem contains two aspects - the connection relationship of lanes, and the assignment relationship between lanes and traffic elements, where a comprehensive topology reasoning method is vacant. On one hand, previous map learning techniques struggle in deriving lane connectivity with segmentation or laneline paradigms; or prior lane topology-oriented approaches focus on centerline detection and neglect the interaction modeling. On the other hand, the traffic element to lane assignment problem is limited in the image domain, leaving how to construct the correspondence from two views an unexplored challenge. To address these issues, we present TopoNet, the first end-to-end framework capable of abstracting traffic knowledge beyond conventional perception tasks. To capture the driving scene topology, we introduce three key designs: (1) an embedding module to incorporate semantic knowledge from 2D elements into a unified feature space; (2) a curated scene graph neural network to model relationships and enable feature interaction inside the network; (3) instead of transmitting messages arbitrarily, a scene knowledge graph is devised to differentiate prior knowledge from various types of the road genome. We evaluate TopoNet on the challenging scene understanding benchmark, OpenLane-V2, where our approach outperforms all previous works by a great margin on all perceptual and topological metrics. The code is released at https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/TopoNet
Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLMs for autonomous driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 57 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2023.
Builds on
57 of 81 references.
References · 57
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- 2019Cross-view Semantic Segmentation for Sensing Surroundingscited by 173
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- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
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- 2021Structured Bird's-Eye-View Traffic Scene Understanding from Onboard Imagescited by 98
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- 2020Gen-LaneNet: A Generalized and Scalable Approach for 3D Lane Detectioncited by 75
- 2020Sat2Graph: Road Graph Extraction through Graph-Tensor Encodingcited by 55
- 2023Lane Graph as Path: Continuity-preserving Path-wise Modeling for Online Lane Graph Constructioncited by 50
- 2020DAGMapper: Learning to Map by Discovering Lane Topologycited by 49
- 2023InstaGraM: Instance-level Graph Modeling for Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 40
- 2020Scene-Graph Augmented Data-Driven Risk Assessment of Autonomous Vehicle Decisionscited by 34
- 2021Topology Preserving Local Road Network Estimation from Single Onboard Camera Imagecited by 34
- 2020Understanding Bird's-Eye View of Road Semantics using an Onboard Cameracited by 29
- 2021Spatio-Temporal Scene-Graph Embedding for Autonomous Vehicle Collision Predictioncited by 29
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- 2023Learning and Aggregating Lane Graphs for Urban Automated Drivingcited by 20
- 2021Lane Graph Estimation for Scene Understanding in Urban Drivingcited by 18
- 2021SPIN Road Mapper: Extracting Roads from Aerial Images via Spatial and Interaction Space Graph Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 18
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 12; 2025: 19; 2026: 14.
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- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 485
- 2023Visual Point Cloud Forecasting enables Scalable Autonomous Drivingcited by 97
- 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
- 2023Augmenting Lane Perception and Topology Understanding with Standard Definition Navigation Mapscited by 58
- 2023LaneSegNet: Map Learning with Lane Segment Perception for Autonomous Drivingcited by 57
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
- 2024RoadPainter: Points Are Ideal Navigators for Topology transformERcited by 17
- 2025Chameleon: Fast-slow Neuro-symbolic Lane Topology Extractioncited by 16
- 2024SemVecNet: Generalizable Vector Map Generation for Arbitrary Sensor Configurationscited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2025SMART: Advancing Scalable Map Priors for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 12
38 more
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- 2025SeqGrowGraph: Learning Lane Topology as a Chain of Graph Expansionscited by 10
- 2024PriorDrive: Enhancing Online HD Mapping with Unified Vector Priorscited by 9
- 2025Topo2Seq: Enhanced Topology Reasoning via Topology Sequence Learningcited by 9
- 2025SEPT: Standard-Definition Map Enhanced Scene Perception and Topology Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
- 2025Reusing Attention for One-stage Lane Topology Understandingcited by 9
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problemcited by 7
- 2023TopoMask: Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem via Transformer-Based Architecturecited by 5
- 2024Enhancing Lane Segment Perception and Topology Reasoning with Crowdsourcing Trajectory Priorscited by 5
- 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understandingcited by 5
- 2025LaneDiffusion: Improving Centerline Graph Learning via Prior Injected BEV Feature Generationcited by 5
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
- 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotationcited by 3
- 2025MapGS: Generalizable Pretraining and Data Augmentation for Online Mapping via Novel View Synthesiscited by 3
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Mapscited by 3
- 2025FASTopoWM: Fast-Slow Lane Segment Topology Reasoning with Latent World Modelscited by 3
- 2025RATopo: Improving Lane Topology Reasoning via Redundancy Assignmentcited by 3
- 2025UniMapGen: A Generative Framework for Large-Scale Map Construction from Multi-modal Datacited by 3
- 2025SD++: Enhancing Standard Definition Maps by Incorporating Road Knowledge using LLMscited by 2
- 2025A Concise Survey on Lane Topology Reasoning for HD Mappingcited by 2
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenescited by 2
- 2025CauSight: Learning to Supersense for Visual Causal Discoverycited by 2
- 2026Bridging Structure and Language: Graph-Based Visual Reasoning for Autonomous Road Understandingcited by 2
- 2024EMPERROR: A Flexible Generative Perception Error Model for Probing Self-Driving Plannerscited by 1
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priorscited by 1
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous drivingcited by 1
- 2026TopoMaskV3: 3D Mask Head with Dense Offset and Height Predictions for Road Topology Understandingcited by 1
- 2026GeoReFormer: Geometry-Aware Refinement for Lane Segment Detection and Topology Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026TopoHR: Hierarchical Centerline Representation for Cyclic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes with Point-to-Instance Relationscited by 1
- 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planningcited by 1
- 2026Unified Modeling of Lane and Lane Topology for Driving Scene Reasoningcited by 1
- 2023Occlusion-Aware 2D and 3D Centerline Detection for Urban Driving via Automatic Label Generationcited by 0
- 2025Fine-Grained Representation for Lane Topology Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertaintiescited by 0
- 2026OmniTraffic: A Controllable Generation Pipeline and Benchmark for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Generative Lane Topology Reasoning via Autoregressive Model with Geometry Priorcited by 0
- 2026WASABI: Whole-graph Assignment-based Stabilizer for lAne topology By Inter-frame trackingcited by 0
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026One Perception, All Maneuvers: Directional Traffic Signal Understanding for Maneuver-Level Signal Intent Prediction26 Sep 2026
- 2026Plug-and-Play Traffic Element Awareness for End-to-End Autonomous Driving18 Aug 2026
- 2026HGeo-TopoMap: Boosting Topological Mapping with Hierarchical Geometric Priors23 Jul 2026
- 2026WASABI: Whole-graph Assignment-based Stabilizer for lAne topology By Inter-frame tracking22 Jul 2026
- 2026Generative Lane Topology Reasoning via Autoregressive Model with Geometry Prior30 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniTraffic: A Controllable Generation Pipeline and Benchmark for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Reasoning14 Jun 2026
- 2026Bridging Structure and Language: Graph-Based Visual Reasoning for Autonomous Road Understanding20 May 2026
- 2026Unified Modeling of Lane and Lane Topology for Driving Scene Reasoning9 May 2026
- 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planning4 May 2026
- 2026TopoHR: Hierarchical Centerline Representation for Cyclic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes with Point-to-Instance Relations27 Apr 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertainties31 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoReFormer: Geometry-Aware Refinement for Lane Segment Detection and Topology Reasoning27 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026TopoMaskV3: 3D Mask Head with Dense Offset and Height Predictions for Road Topology Understanding2 Mar 2026
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous driving26 Feb 2026
- 2025CauSight: Learning to Supersense for Visual Causal Discovery1 Dec 2025
- 2025Fine-Grained Representation for Lane Topology Reasoning16 Nov 2025
- 2025LaneDiffusion: Improving Centerline Graph Learning via Prior Injected BEV Feature Generation9 Nov 2025
- 2025UniMapGen: A Generative Framework for Large-Scale Map Construction from Multi-modal Data26 Sep 2025
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priors10 Sep 2025
- 2025RATopo: Improving Lane Topology Reasoning via Redundancy Assignment21 Aug 2025
- 2025FASTopoWM: Fast-Slow Lane Segment Topology Reasoning with Latent World Models31 Jul 2025
- 2025Reusing Attention for One-stage Lane Topology Understanding23 Jul 2025
- 2025SeqGrowGraph: Learning Lane Topology as a Chain of Graph Expansions7 Jul 2025
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Maps2 Jul 2025
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving1 Jul 2025
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes16 Jun 2025
- 2025SEPT: Standard-Definition Map Enhanced Scene Perception and Topology Reasoning for Autonomous Driving18 May 2025
- 2025A Concise Survey on Lane Topology Reasoning for HD Mapping31 Mar 2025
- 2025Chameleon: Fast-slow Neuro-symbolic Lane Topology Extraction10 Mar 2025
- 2025Topo2Seq: Enhanced Topology Reasoning via Topology Sequence Learning13 Feb 2025
- 2025SMART: Advancing Scalable Map Priors for Driving Topology Reasoning6 Feb 2025
- 2025SD++: Enhancing Standard Definition Maps by Incorporating Road Knowledge using LLMs4 Feb 2025
- 2025MapGS: Generalizable Pretraining and Data Augmentation for Online Mapping via Novel View Synthesis11 Jan 2025
- 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understanding25 Dec 2024
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving28 Nov 2024
- 2024Enhancing Lane Segment Perception and Topology Reasoning with Crowdsourcing Trajectory Priors26 Nov 2024
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Survey25 Nov 2024
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Prior22 Nov 2024
- 2024EMPERROR: A Flexible Generative Perception Error Model for Probing Self-Driving Planners12 Nov 2024
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem17 Sep 2024
- 2024PriorDrive: Enhancing Online HD Mapping with Unified Vector Priors9 Sep 2024
- 2024Enhancing Online Road Network Perception and Reasoning with Standard Definition Maps1 Aug 2024
- 2024CAMAv2: A Vision-Centric Approach for Static Map Element Annotation31 Jul 2024
- 2024RoadPainter: Points Are Ideal Navigators for Topology transformER22 Jul 2024
- 2024SemVecNet: Generalizable Vector Map Generation for Arbitrary Sensor Configurations30 Apr 2024
- 2023Visual Point Cloud Forecasting enables Scalable Autonomous Driving29 Dec 2023
- 2023LaneSegNet: Map Learning with Lane Segment Perception for Autonomous Driving26 Dec 2023
- 2023Augmenting Lane Perception and Topology Understanding with Standard Definition Navigation Maps7 Nov 2023
- 2023Occlusion-Aware 2D and 3D Centerline Detection for Urban Driving via Automatic Label Generation3 Nov 2023
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoning10 Oct 2023
50 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 485
- 2023LaneSegNet: Map Learning with Lane Segment Perception for Autonomous Drivingcited by 57
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenescited by 2
- 2024EMPERROR: A Flexible Generative Perception Error Model for Probing Self-Driving Plannerscited by 1
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous drivingcited by 1
- 2026TopoHR: Hierarchical Centerline Representation for Cyclic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes with Point-to-Instance Relationscited by 1
- 2026Plug-and-Play Traffic Element Awareness for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Plug-and-Play Traffic Element Awareness for End-to-End Autonomous Driving18 Aug 2026
- 2026TopoHR: Hierarchical Centerline Representation for Cyclic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes with Point-to-Instance Relations27 Apr 2026
- 2026TaCarla: A comprehensive benchmarking dataset for end-to-end autonomous driving26 Feb 2026
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving1 Jul 2025
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes16 Jun 2025
- 2024EMPERROR: A Flexible Generative Perception Error Model for Probing Self-Driving Planners12 Nov 2024
- 2023LaneSegNet: Map Learning with Lane Segment Perception for Autonomous Driving26 Dec 2023
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers29 Jun 2023
- 2025Topo2Seq: Enhanced Topology Reasoning via Topology Sequence Learningcited by 9
- 2026Bridging Structure and Language: Graph-Based Visual Reasoning for Autonomous Road Understandingcited by 2
- 2026OmniTraffic: A Controllable Generation Pipeline and Benchmark for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026OmniTraffic: A Controllable Generation Pipeline and Benchmark for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Reasoning14 Jun 2026
- 2026Bridging Structure and Language: Graph-Based Visual Reasoning for Autonomous Road Understanding20 May 2026
- 2025Topo2Seq: Enhanced Topology Reasoning via Topology Sequence Learning13 Feb 2025
- 2023OpenLane-V2: A Topology Reasoning Benchmark for Unified 3D HD Mappingcited by 83
- 2023Augmenting Lane Perception and Topology Understanding with Standard Definition Navigation Mapscited by 58
- 2023TopoMLP: A Simple yet Strong Pipeline for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 41
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
- 2024RoadPainter: Points Are Ideal Navigators for Topology transformERcited by 17
- 2025Chameleon: Fast-slow Neuro-symbolic Lane Topology Extractioncited by 16
- 2024SemVecNet: Generalizable Vector Map Generation for Arbitrary Sensor Configurationscited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2025SMART: Advancing Scalable Map Priors for Driving Topology Reasoningcited by 12
- 2024Enhancing Online Road Network Perception and Reasoning with Standard Definition Mapscited by 11
- 2025SeqGrowGraph: Learning Lane Topology as a Chain of Graph Expansionscited by 10
- 2024PriorDrive: Enhancing Online HD Mapping with Unified Vector Priorscited by 9
12 most cited of 40 All 40 (JSON)
- 2026One Perception, All Maneuvers: Directional Traffic Signal Understanding for Maneuver-Level Signal Intent Prediction26 Sep 2026
- 2026HGeo-TopoMap: Boosting Topological Mapping with Hierarchical Geometric Priors23 Jul 2026
- 2026WASABI: Whole-graph Assignment-based Stabilizer for lAne topology By Inter-frame tracking22 Jul 2026
- 2026Generative Lane Topology Reasoning via Autoregressive Model with Geometry Prior30 Jun 2026
- 2026Unified Modeling of Lane and Lane Topology for Driving Scene Reasoning9 May 2026
- 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planning4 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertainties31 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoReFormer: Geometry-Aware Refinement for Lane Segment Detection and Topology Reasoning27 Mar 2026
- 2026TopoMaskV3: 3D Mask Head with Dense Offset and Height Predictions for Road Topology Understanding2 Mar 2026
- 2025CauSight: Learning to Supersense for Visual Causal Discovery1 Dec 2025
- 2025Fine-Grained Representation for Lane Topology Reasoning16 Nov 2025
- 2025LaneDiffusion: Improving Centerline Graph Learning via Prior Injected BEV Feature Generation9 Nov 2025
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