mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

KG4Diagnosis: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Knowledge Graph Enhancement for Medical Diagnosis

arXiv 2412.16833 ↗First posted 22 Dec 2024cs.AI cs.LGcited by 26

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare diagnosis demands systematic frameworks that can handle complex medical scenarios while maintaining specialized expertise. We present KG4Diagnosis, a novel hierarchical multi-agent framework that combines LLMs with automated knowledge graph construction, encompassing 362 common diseases across medical specialties. Our framework mirrors real-world medical systems through a two-tier architecture: a general practitioner (GP) agent for initial assessment and triage, coordinating with specialized agents for in-depth diagnosis in specific domains. The core innovation lies in our end-to-end knowledge graph generation methodology, incorporating: (1) semantic-driven entity and relation extraction optimized for medical terminology, (2) multi-dimensional decision relationship reconstruction from unstructured medical texts, and (3) human-guided reasoning for knowledge expansion. KG4Diagnosis serves as an extensible foundation for specialized medical diagnosis systems, with capabilities to incorporate new diseases and medical knowledge. The framework's modular design enables seamless integration of domain-specific enhancements, making it valuable for developing targeted medical diagnosis systems. We provide architectural guidelines and protocols to facilitate adoption across medical contexts.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2024.

Builds on

9 of 37 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Advancing Healthcare Automation: Multi-Agent System for Medical Necessity Justification27 Apr

Other references · 8

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
  4. 2019Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddingscited by 995
  5. 2022BioGPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Biomedical Text Generation and Miningcited by 531
  6. 2023Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicinecited by 319
  7. 2021A Review of Biomedical Datasets Relating to Drug Discovery: A Knowledge Graph Perspectivecited by 37
  8. 2024Medical mT5: An Open-Source Multilingual Text-to-Text LLM for The Medical Domaincited by 15

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 10.

26 papers.

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  1. 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 85
  2. 2025MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflowcited by 71
  3. 2025A Survey on the Optimization of Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 45
  4. 2025MEDDxAgent: A Unified Modular Agent Framework for Explainable Automatic Differential Diagnosiscited by 23
  5. 2025MedKGI: Iterative Differential Diagnosis with Medical Knowledge Graphs and Information-Guided Inquiringcited by 7
  6. 2025No Black Boxes: Interpretable and Interactable Predictive Healthcare with Knowledge-Enhanced Agentic Causal Discoverycited by 5
  7. 2025Reasoning LLMs in the Medical Domain: A Literature Surveycited by 5
  8. 2025This Is Your Doge, If It Please You: Exploring Deception and Robustness in Mixture of LLMscited by 4
  9. 2025MedKGEval: A Knowledge Graph-Based Multi-Turn Evaluation Framework for Open-Ended Patient Interactions with Clinical LLMscited by 3
  10. 2025Knowledge-Augmented Long-CoT Generation for Complex Biomolecular Reasoningcited by 2
  11. 2026Picking the Right Specialist: Attentive Neural Process-based Selection of Task-Specialized Models as Tools for Agentic Healthcare Systemscited by 2
  12. 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyondcited by 1
14 more
  1. 2025OrthoInsight: Rib Fracture Diagnosis and Report Generation Based on Multi-Modal Large Modelscited by 1
  2. 2025Towards Ethical Multi-Agent Systems of Large Language Models: A Mechanistic Interpretability Perspectivecited by 1
  3. 2026Agentic AI in Healthcare & Medicine: A Seven-Dimensional Taxonomy for Empirical Evaluation of LLM-based Agentscited by 1
  4. 2026Weak-Link Optimization for Multi-Agent Reasoning and Collaborationcited by 1
  5. 2025ReCellTy: Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented LLMs Reasoning Workflow for Single-Cell Annotationcited by 0
  6. 2025GraphAU-Pain: Graph-based Action Unit Representation for Pain Intensity Estimationcited by 0
  7. 2025PartnerMAS: An LLM Hierarchical Multi-Agent Framework for Business Partner Selection on High-Dimensional Featurescited by 0
  8. 2026LogosKG: Hardware-Optimized Scalable and Interpretable Knowledge Graph Retrievalcited by 0
  9. 2026PropLLM: Propagation-Aware Scene Reconstruction for Network Fault Diagnosiscited by 0
  10. 2026Lung-R1: A Knowledge Graph-Guided LLM for Pulmonary Diagnostic Reasoningcited by 0
  11. 2026Adaptive Memory and Reflection Multi-Agent System for Medical Question Answeringcited by 0
  12. 2026Constructing and Evaluating Clinical Reasoning Trajectories for Medical Agentcited by 0
  13. 2026When More Evidence Hurts: Publication-Bias Drift and Principled Stopping for Biomedical Causal Searchcited by 0
  14. 2026MedRSI: Recursive Self-Improvement for Medical Agents via Clinically Aligned Self-Evolutioncited by 0

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  1. 2025KERAP: A Knowledge-Enhanced Reasoning Approach for Accurate Zero-shot Diagnosis Prediction Using Multi-agent LLMs
  2. 2023Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Study
  3. 2025Automated Construction of Medical Indicator Knowledge Graphs Using Retrieval Augmented Large Language Models
  4. 2026GraphDx: A Cost-Aware Knowledge-Enhanced Multi-Agent Framework for Sequential Diagnosis
  5. 2025MedKGent: A Large Language Model Agent Framework for Constructing Temporally Evolving Medical Knowledge Graph
  6. 2025MAM: Modular Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Modal Medical Diagnosis via Role-Specialized Collaboration
  7. 2025MACD: Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis with Self-Learned Knowledge for LLM
  8. 2024Reasoning-Enhanced Healthcare Predictions with Knowledge Graph Community Retrieval