mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

VisGym: Diverse, Customizable, Scalable Environments for Multimodal Agents

arXiv 2601.16973 ↗First posted 23 Jan 2026cs.CVcited by 9

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remain poorly characterized in multi-step visual interactions, particularly in how they integrate perception, memory, and action over long horizons. We introduce VisGym, a gymnasium of 17 environments for evaluating and training VLMs. The suite spans symbolic puzzles, real-image understanding, navigation, and manipulation, and provides flexible controls over difficulty, input representation, planning horizon, and feedback. We also provide multi-step solvers that generate structured demonstrations, enabling supervised finetuning. Our evaluations show that all frontier models struggle in interactive settings, achieving low success rates in both the easy (46.6%) and hard (26.0%) configurations. Our experiments reveal notable limitations: models struggle to effectively leverage long context, performing worse with an unbounded history than with truncated windows. Furthermore, we find that several text-based symbolic tasks become substantially harder once rendered visually. However, explicit goal observations, textual feedback, and exploratory demonstrations in partially observable or unknown-dynamics settings for supervised finetuning yield consistent gains, highlighting concrete failure modes and pathways for improving multi-step visual decision-making. Code, data, and models can be found at: https://visgym.github.io/.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 48 of its 108 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.

Builds on

48 of 108 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025VAGEN: Reinforcing World Model Reasoning for Multi-Turn VLM Agents19 Oct
  2. 2025Jigsaw-R1: A Study of Rule-based Visual Reinforcement Learning with Jigsaw Puzzles29 May
  3. 2025VideoGameBench: Can Vision-Language Models complete popular video games?23 May
  4. 2025G1: Bootstrapping Perception and Reasoning Abilities of Vision-Language Model via Reinforcement Learning19 May
  5. 2025Gemini Robotics: Bringing AI into the Physical World25 Mar
  6. 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agents13 Feb
  7. 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agents12 Aug
  8. 2024LLARVA: Vision-Action Instruction Tuning Enhances Robot Learning17 Jun

Other references · 40

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  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
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  5. 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,211
  6. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  7. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  8. 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
  9. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  10. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
  11. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,686
  12. 2018Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotationscited by 1,586
28 more
  1. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,582
  2. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,442
  3. 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
  4. 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
  5. 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulationcited by 699
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  11. 2025A Careful Examination of Large Behavior Models for Multitask Dexterous Manipulationcited by 125
  12. 2025REASONING GYM: Reasoning Environments for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 121
  13. 2020CausalWorld: A Robotic Manipulation Benchmark for Causal Structure and Transfer Learningcited by 109
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  16. 2024Does Spatial Cognition Emerge in Frontier Models?cited by 65
  17. 2025OTTER: A Vision-Language-Action Model with Text-Aware Visual Feature Extractioncited by 54
  18. 2025lmgame-Bench: How Good are LLMs at Playing Games?cited by 54
  19. 2024Visual Haystacks: A Vision-Centric Needle-In-A-Haystack Benchmarkcited by 53
  20. 2024LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agentscited by 51
  21. 2025DeepResearchGym: A Free, Transparent, and Reproducible Evaluation Sandbox for Deep Researchcited by 51
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  23. 2024VideoWebArena: Evaluating Long Context Multimodal Agents with Video Understanding Web Taskscited by 43
  24. 2024Gymnasium: A Standard Interface for Reinforcement Learning Environmentscited by 35
  25. 2024LMAct: A Benchmark for In-Context Imitation Learning with Long Multimodal Demonstrationscited by 32
  26. 2025Is Diversity All You Need for Scalable Robotic Manipulation?cited by 19
  27. 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluationcited by 7
  28. 2025Learn from the Past: Language-conditioned Object Rearrangement with Large Language Modelscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 9.

9 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

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  3. 2026Insight-V++: Towards Advanced Long-Chain Visual Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models
  4. 2026MUSE: A Unified Agentic Harness for MLLMs
  5. 2026A.D.A.M.O. (Agent for language-Driven Actions with Multimodal Observations): A Visual-Symbolic Framework for Virtual Humans
  6. 2025VisPlay: Self-Evolving Vision-Language Models from Images
  7. 2025VisuLogic: A Benchmark for Evaluating Visual Reasoning in Multi-modal Large Language Models
  8. 2026Visual-Seeker: Towards Visual-Native Multimodal Agentic Search via Active Visual Reasoning