mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2512.06865 ↗First posted 7 Dec 2025cs.CVcited by 5

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture

Abstract (arXiv)

Existing autonomous driving systems rely on onboard sensors (cameras, LiDAR, IMU, etc) for environmental perception. However, this paradigm is limited by the drive-time perception horizon and often fails under limited view scope, occlusion or extreme conditions such as darkness and rain. In contrast, human drivers are able to recall road structure even under poor visibility. To endow models with this ``recall" ability, we propose the spatial retrieval paradigm, introducing offline retrieved geographic images as an additional input. These images are easy to obtain from offline caches (e.g, Google Maps or stored autonomous driving datasets) without requiring additional sensors, making it a plug-and-play extension for existing AD tasks. For experiments, we first extend the nuScenes dataset with geographic images retrieved via Google Maps APIs and align the new data with ego-vehicle trajectories. We establish baselines across five core autonomous driving tasks: object detection, online mapping, occupancy prediction, end-to-end planning, and generative world modeling. Extensive experiments show that the extended modality could enhance the performance of certain tasks. We will open-source dataset curation code, data, and benchmarks for further study of this new autonomous driving paradigm.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 153 of its 203 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2025.

Builds on

153 of 203 references.

Closest ancestors · 14

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025End-to-End Driving with Online Trajectory Evaluation via BEV World Model2 Apr
  2. 2025Centaur: Robust End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Test-Time Training14 Mar
  3. 2025DriveTransformer: Unified Transformer for Scalable End-to-End Autonomous Driving7 Mar
  4. 2025Don't Shake the Wheel: Momentum-Aware Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Driving5 Mar
  5. 2024Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Latent World Model12 Jun
  6. 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Driving6 Jun
  7. 2024SparseDrive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Sparse Scene Representation30 May
  8. 2023DriveAdapter: Breaking the Coupling Barrier of Perception and Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Driving1 Aug
  9. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers29 Jun
  10. 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning15 Jul
  11. 2022Trajectory-guided Control Prediction for End-to-end Autonomous Driving: A Simple yet Strong Baseline16 Jun
  12. 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving31 May
2 more
  1. 2021SafetyNet: Safe planning for real-world self-driving vehicles using machine-learned policies28 Sep
  2. 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Driving19 Apr

Other references · 139

  1. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
  2. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
  3. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  4. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
  5. 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,218
  6. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
  7. 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,044
  8. 2016End to End Learning for Self-Driving Carscited by 1,009
  9. 2016Efficient and robust approximate nearest neighbor search using Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphscited by 861
  10. 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 850
  11. 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
  12. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 668
38 more
  1. 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 658
  2. 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 637
  3. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
  4. 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 572
  5. 2022PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 552
  6. 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 530
  7. 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 461
  8. 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 457
  9. 2023Tri-Perspective View for Vision-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 409
  10. 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 397
  11. 2022PETRv2: A Unified Framework for 3D Perception from Multi-Camera Imagescited by 352
  12. 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllabilitycited by 347
  13. 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 336
  14. 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 334
  15. 2023Occ3D: A Large-Scale 3D Occupancy Prediction Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 332
  16. 2021Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 327
  17. 2023Driving into the Future: Multiview Visual Forecasting and Planning with World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 319
  18. 2023SurroundOcc: Multi-Camera 3D Occupancy Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 316
  19. 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 315
  20. 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 314
  21. 2023VoxFormer: Sparse Voxel Transformer for Camera-based 3D Semantic Scene Completioncited by 313
  22. 2018Neural-Symbolic VQA: Disentangling Reasoning from Vision and Language Understandingcited by 304
  23. 2022BEVFormer v2: Adapting Modern Image Backbones to Bird's-Eye-View Recognition via Perspective Supervisioncited by 302
  24. 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 289
  25. 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 281
  26. 2018Learning to Drive in a Daycited by 273
  27. 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
  28. 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 261
  29. 2023MagicDrive: Street View Generation with Diverse 3D Geometry Controlcited by 252
  30. 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 249
  31. 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 245
  32. 2023Parting with Misconceptions about Learning-based Vehicle Motion Planningcited by 242
  33. 2021MP3: A Unified Model to Map, Perceive, Predict and Plancited by 212
  34. 2023Scene as Occupancycited by 209
  35. 2018Orthographic Feature Transform for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 202
  36. 2025ReCogDrive: A Reinforced Cognitive Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 198
  37. 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 193
  38. 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191

50 most cited of 139 All 139 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2022Exploring Contextual Representation and Multi-Modality for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  2. 2026The Road Ahead in Autonomous Driving: The KITScenes Multimodal Dataset
  3. 2023Drive Anywhere: Generalizable End-to-end Autonomous Driving with Multi-modal Foundation Models
  4. 2025Maps for Autonomous Driving: Full-process Survey and Frontiers
  5. 2026Self-Supervised Relevance Modelling in Autonomous Driving via Counterfactual Analysis
  6. 2019Multimodal End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  7. 2025RALAD: Bridging the Real-to-Sim Domain Gap in Autonomous Driving with Retrieval-Augmented Learning
  8. 2025MAP: End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Map-Assisted Planning