Reasoning-VLA: A Fast and General Vision-Language-Action Reasoning Model for Autonomous Driving
On the map: LLM reasoning → Chain-of-thought reasoning for driving
also in 2 more
Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong decision-making capabilities in autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs often struggle with achieving efficient inference and generalizing to novel autonomous vehicle configurations and driving scenarios. In this paper, we propose Reasoning-VLA, a general and fast action-generation VLA framework. The proposed model employs a set of learnable action queries, initialized via Gaussian sampling from ground-truth trajectories within the training corpus. These learnable queries interact with reasoning-enhanced vision-language features to generate continuous action trajectories in parallel. To promote robust generalization, we consolidate eight publicly available autonomous driving datasets into a standardized, Chain-of-Thought reasoning-based, and easy-to-use data format for model training. Leveraging both supervised learning and reinforcement learning fine-tuning, extensive empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that Reasoning-VLA achieves state-of-the-art performance, superior generalization capability, and the excellent inference speed reported to date.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Chain-of-thought reasoning for driving, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 45 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Nov 2025.
Builds on
45 of 58 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
- 2024OmniDrive: A Holistic Vision-Language Dataset for Autonomous Driving with Counterfactual Reasoning2 May
Other references · 44
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
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- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
32 more
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
- 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,040
- 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 973
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 724
- 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
- 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 655
- 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
- 2024DriveVLM: The Convergence of Autonomous Driving and Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 482
- 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 372
- 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learningcited by 365
- 2024NAVSIM: Data-Driven Non-Reactive Autonomous Vehicle Simulation and Benchmarkingcited by 343
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
- 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 287
- 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 250
- 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 243
- 2024SparseDrive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Sparse Scene Representationcited by 239
- 2023DriveMLM: Aligning Multi-Modal Large Language Models with Behavioral Planning States for Autonomous Drivingcited by 233
- 2024EMMA: End-to-End Multimodal Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 226
- 2021Multimodal Motion Prediction with Stacked Transformerscited by 207
- 2023Think Twice before Driving: Towards Scalable Decoders for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 168
- 2020PnPNet: End-to-End Perception and Prediction with Tracking in the Loopcited by 143
- 2023StreamMapNet: Streaming Mapping Network for Vectorized Online HD Map Constructioncited by 143
- 2025DriveMoE: Mixture-of-Experts for Vision-Language-Action Model in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 85
- 2024NeuroNCAP: Photorealistic Closed-loop Safety Testing for Autonomous Drivingcited by 61
- 2025Impromptu VLA: Open Weights and Open Data for Driving Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 60
- 2025Bridging Past and Future: End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Historical Prediction and Planningcited by 48
- 2025Pure Vision Language Action (VLA) Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 46
- 2023PPAD: Iterative Interactions of Prediction and Planning for End-to-end Autonomous Drivingcited by 33
- 2025AutoDrive-R2: Incentivizing Reasoning and Self-Reflection Capacity for VLA Model in Autonomous Drivingcited by 32
- 2024RoboTron-Drive: All-in-One Large Multimodal Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expertcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 13.
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- 2025Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving: Past, Present, and Futurecited by 32
- 2026nuReasoning: A Reasoning-Centric Dataset and Benchmark for Long-Tail Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2026What if Agents Could Imagine? Reinforcing Open-Vocabulary HOI Comprehension through Generationcited by 6
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026Post-Training in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026Driving Intents Amplify Planning-Oriented Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026BLUE: Toward Better Language Use in Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026Learning from Mistakes: Rollout-Retrieval Lifelong Policy Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026What Do They See? Interpreting Complex Road Scenarios Through the Eyes of Vision-Language-Action Models for Safe and Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicle Learningcited by 1
- 2026IndusAgent: Reinforcing Open-Vocabulary Industrial Anomaly Detection with Agentic Toolscited by 0
- 2026PrismAD: Decoupled Planning via Semantic Mixture-of-Planners for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Development of Vision-Language Model-based GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicle Navigationcited by 0
- 2026CoVLM-Bench: A Real-World Benchmark for Cooperative Driving Question Answering and Planning22 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Textual Chain-of-Thought: A Survey on Action-Grounded Reasoning in Autonomous Driving31 Aug 2026
- 2026Development of Vision-Language Model-based GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation27 Jul 2026
- 2026What Do They See? Interpreting Complex Road Scenarios Through the Eyes of Vision-Language-Action Models for Safe and Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicle Learning18 Jul 2026
- 2026PrismAD: Decoupled Planning via Semantic Mixture-of-Planners for End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Jul 2026
- 2026Post-Training in End-to-End Autonomous Driving9 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning from Mistakes: Rollout-Retrieval Lifelong Policy Learning for Autonomous Driving29 Jun 2026
- 2026BLUE: Toward Better Language Use in Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving7 Jun 2026
- 2026nuReasoning: A Reasoning-Centric Dataset and Benchmark for Long-Tail Autonomous Driving29 May 2026
- 2026IndusAgent: Reinforcing Open-Vocabulary Industrial Anomaly Detection with Agentic Tools20 May 2026
- 2026Driving Intents Amplify Planning-Oriented Reinforcement Learning12 May 2026
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026nuReasoning: A Reasoning-Centric Dataset and Benchmark for Long-Tail Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2026Post-Training in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026Driving Intents Amplify Planning-Oriented Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Learning from Mistakes: Rollout-Retrieval Lifelong Policy Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026What Do They See? Interpreting Complex Road Scenarios Through the Eyes of Vision-Language-Action Models for Safe and Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicle Learningcited by 1
- 2026PrismAD: Decoupled Planning via Semantic Mixture-of-Planners for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Development of Vision-Language Model-based GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicle Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Development of Vision-Language Model-based GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation27 Jul 2026
- 2026What Do They See? Interpreting Complex Road Scenarios Through the Eyes of Vision-Language-Action Models for Safe and Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicle Learning18 Jul 2026
- 2026PrismAD: Decoupled Planning via Semantic Mixture-of-Planners for End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Jul 2026
- 2026Post-Training in End-to-End Autonomous Driving9 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning from Mistakes: Rollout-Retrieval Lifelong Policy Learning for Autonomous Driving29 Jun 2026
- 2026nuReasoning: A Reasoning-Centric Dataset and Benchmark for Long-Tail Autonomous Driving29 May 2026
- 2026Driving Intents Amplify Planning-Oriented Reinforcement Learning12 May 2026
- 2026What if Agents Could Imagine? Reinforcing Open-Vocabulary HOI Comprehension through Generationcited by 6
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026Beyond Textual Chain-of-Thought: A Survey on Action-Grounded Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Textual Chain-of-Thought: A Survey on Action-Grounded Reasoning in Autonomous Driving31 Aug 2026
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026What if Agents Could Imagine? Reinforcing Open-Vocabulary HOI Comprehension through Generation12 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025AutoVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Reasoning and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
- 2026RT-VLA: Real-Time Vision-Language-Action Models via Knowledge Distillation
- 2025A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving
- 2026SpanVLA: Efficient Action Bridging and Learning from Negative-Recovery Samples for Vision-Language-Action Model
- 2026Rethinking Language's Role in Efficient VLA for Autonomous Vehicles: Toward Smarter, Trustworthy Driving
- 2025DriveAction: A Benchmark for Exploring Human-like Driving Decisions in VLA Models
- 2026CAR-VLA: Complexity-Aware and Risk-Adaptive Reasoning for Autonomous Driving
- 2026SteerVLA: Steering Vision-Language-Action Models in Long-Tail Driving Scenarios