Scaling Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Tool-Integrated Reasoning in VLMs
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
also in 2 more
Abstract (arXiv)
While recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong image understanding, their ability to "think with images", i.e., to reason through multi-step visual interactions, remains limited. We introduce VISTA-Gym, a scalable training environment for incentivizing tool-integrated visual reasoning capabilities in VLMs. VISTA-Gym unifies diverse real-world multimodal reasoning tasks (7 tasks from 13 datasets in total) with a standardized interface for visual tools (e.g., grounding, parsing), executable interaction loops, verifiable feedback signals, and efficient trajectory logging, enabling visual agentic reinforcement learning at scale. While recent VLMs exhibit strong text-only reasoning, both proprietary and open-source models still struggle with tool selection, invocation, and coordination. With VISTA-Gym, we train VISTA-R1 to interleave tool-use with agentic reasoning via multi-turn trajectory sampling and end-to-end reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments across 11 public reasoning-intensive VQA benchmarks show that VISTA-R1-8B outperforms state-of-the-art baselines with similar sizes by 9.51%-18.72%, demonstrating VISTA-Gym as an effective training ground to unlock the tool-integrated reasoning capabilities for VLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 56 of its 91 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2025.
Builds on
56 of 91 references.
Closest ancestors · 24
Same direction, newest first
- 2025VAGEN: Reinforcing World Model Reasoning for Multi-Turn VLM Agents19 Oct
- 2025Vgent: Graph-based Retrieval-Reasoning-Augmented Generation For Long Video Understanding15 Oct
- 2025Beyond Seeing: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Tool-Enabled Image Perception, Transformation, and Reasoning14 Oct
- 2025ImageNet-Think-250K: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Multimodal Reasoning for Vision Language Models2 Oct
- 2025Self-Rewarding Vision-Language Model via Reasoning Decomposition27 Aug
- 2025Thinking with Images for Multimodal Reasoning: Foundations, Methods, and Future Frontiers30 Jun
- 2025VTool-R1: VLMs Learn to Think with Images via Reinforcement Learning on Multimodal Tool Use25 May
- 2025GRIT: Teaching MLLMs to Think with Images21 May
- 2025Adaptive Chain-of-Focus Reasoning via Dynamic Visual Search and Zooming for Efficient VLMs21 May
- 2025DeepEyes: Incentivizing "Thinking with Images" via Reinforcement Learning20 May
- 2025G1: Bootstrapping Perception and Reasoning Abilities of Vision-Language Model via Reinforcement Learning19 May
- 2025VisionReasoner: Unified Reasoning-Integrated Visual Perception via Reinforcement Learning17 May
12 more
- 2025OpenThinkIMG: Learning to Think with Images via Visual Tool Reinforcement Learning13 May
- 2025Perception-R1: Pioneering Perception Policy with Reinforcement Learning10 Apr
- 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
- 2025R1-Onevision: Advancing Generalized Multimodal Reasoning through Cross-Modal Formalization13 Mar
- 2025Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models9 Mar
- 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuning3 Mar
- 2025LlamaV-o1: Rethinking Step-by-step Visual Reasoning in LLMs10 Jan
- 2024MultiMath: Bridging Visual and Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models30 Aug
- 2024Chain-of-Spot: Interactive Reasoning Improves Large Vision-Language Models19 Mar
- 2024CogCoM: A Visual Language Model with Chain-of-Manipulations Reasoning6 Feb
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
- 2022CLEVR-Math: A Dataset for Compositional Language, Visual and Mathematical Reasoning10 Aug
Other references · 32
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
- 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 357
- 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 347
- 2025R1-VL: Learning to Reason with Multimodal Large Language Models via Step-wise Group Relative Policy Optimizationcited by 296
- 2021IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoningcited by 262
- 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agentscited by 255
20 more
- 2025LLaVA-OneVision-1.5: Fully Open Framework for Democratized Multimodal Trainingcited by 233
- 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 152
- 2025REASONING GYM: Reasoning Environments for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 121
- 2025MMSearch-R1: Incentivizing LMMs to Searchcited by 120
- 2025MLGym: A New Framework and Benchmark for Advancing AI Research Agentscited by 111
- 2025VerlTool: Towards Holistic Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Tool Usecited by 92
- 2025AgentGym-RL: Training LLM Agents for Long-Horizon Decision Making through Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 68
- 2024Collaborative Gym: A Framework for Enabling and Evaluating Human-Agent Collaborationcited by 60
- 2025DeepMMSearch-R1: Empowering Multimodal LLMs in Multimodal Web Searchcited by 41
- 2025MLE-Dojo: Interactive Environments for Empowering LLM Agents in Machine Learning Engineeringcited by 38
- 2025MoDoMoDo: Multi-Domain Data Mixtures for Multimodal LLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
- 2025TIGeR: Tool-Integrated Geometric Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Roboticscited by 27
- 2025MedAgentGym: A Scalable Agentic Training Environment for Code-Centric Reasoning in Biomedical Data Sciencecited by 22
- 2025Supervising the search process produces reliable and generalizable information-seeking agentscited by 20
- 2025GEM: A Gym for Agentic LLMscited by 17
- 2025Incentivizing Agentic Reasoning in LLM Judges via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2025Generalizable End-to-End Tool-Use RL with Synthetic CodeGymcited by 14
- 2025ReLook: Vision-Grounded RL with a Multimodal LLM Critic for Agentic Web Codingcited by 12
- 2025AceSearcher: Bootstrapping Reasoning and Search for LLMs via Reinforced Self-Playcited by 10
- 2025MLE-Smith: Scaling MLE Tasks with Automated Multi-Agent Pipelinecited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 16.
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- 2026Zooming without Zooming: Region-to-Image Distillation for Fine-Grained Multimodal Perceptioncited by 47
- 2026From Self-Evolving Synthetic Data to Verifiable-Reward RL: Post-Training Multi-turn Interactive Tool-Using Agentscited by 17
- 2026EigenData: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Platform for Function-Calling Data Synthesis, Auditing, and Repaircited by 5
- 2026MEDVISTAGYM: A Scalable Training Environment for Thinking with Medical Images via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2026AceGRPO: Adaptive Curriculum Enhanced Group Relative Policy Optimization for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineeringcited by 4
- 2026From Perception to Action: An Interactive Benchmark for Vision Reasoningcited by 4
- 2026GLANCE: A Global-Local Coordination Multi-Agent Framework for Music-Grounded Non-Linear Video Editingcited by 2
- 2026Beyond Symbolic Solving: Multi Chain-of-Thought Voting for Geometric Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directionscited by 1
- 2026Perceive, Interact, Reason: Building Tool-Augmented Visual Agents for Spatial Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026AdaTurn: Budget-Aware Test-Time Scaling for Active Visual Perception Agentscited by 0
- 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
4 more
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Usecited by 0
- 2026Making Every Tool Call Count: Necessary Tool-Evidence Path Rewards for Agentic Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026MoLE: Mixture of Latent Experts for Complementary Visual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026From Reasoning Failures to Composable Video Spatial Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026From Reasoning Failures to Composable Video Spatial Intelligence1 Oct 2026
- 2026MoLE: Mixture of Latent Experts for Complementary Visual Reasoning1 Oct 2026
- 2026Making Every Tool Call Count: Necessary Tool-Evidence Path Rewards for Agentic Vision-Language Models3 Sep 2026
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Use3 Aug 2026
- 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learning26 Jul 2026
- 2026AdaTurn: Budget-Aware Test-Time Scaling for Active Visual Perception Agents16 Jul 2026
- 2026Perceive, Interact, Reason: Building Tool-Augmented Visual Agents for Spatial Reasoning11 Jun 2026
- 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions27 Apr 2026
- 2026GLANCE: A Global-Local Coordination Multi-Agent Framework for Music-Grounded Non-Linear Video Editing6 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Symbolic Solving: Multi Chain-of-Thought Voting for Geometric Reasoning in Large Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026EigenData: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Platform for Function-Calling Data Synthesis, Auditing, and Repair5 Mar 2026
- 2026From Perception to Action: An Interactive Benchmark for Vision Reasoning24 Feb 2026
4 more
- 2026Zooming without Zooming: Region-to-Image Distillation for Fine-Grained Multimodal Perception12 Feb 2026
- 2026AceGRPO: Adaptive Curriculum Enhanced Group Relative Policy Optimization for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering8 Feb 2026
- 2026From Self-Evolving Synthetic Data to Verifiable-Reward RL: Post-Training Multi-turn Interactive Tool-Using Agents30 Jan 2026
- 2026MEDVISTAGYM: A Scalable Training Environment for Thinking with Medical Images via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning12 Jan 2026
- 2026MEDVISTAGYM: A Scalable Training Environment for Thinking with Medical Images via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2026From Perception to Action: An Interactive Benchmark for Vision Reasoningcited by 4
- 2026Beyond Symbolic Solving: Multi Chain-of-Thought Voting for Geometric Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Perceive, Interact, Reason: Building Tool-Augmented Visual Agents for Spatial Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026AdaTurn: Budget-Aware Test-Time Scaling for Active Visual Perception Agentscited by 0
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Usecited by 0
- 2026MoLE: Mixture of Latent Experts for Complementary Visual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026From Reasoning Failures to Composable Video Spatial Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026From Reasoning Failures to Composable Video Spatial Intelligence1 Oct 2026
- 2026MoLE: Mixture of Latent Experts for Complementary Visual Reasoning1 Oct 2026
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Use3 Aug 2026
- 2026AdaTurn: Budget-Aware Test-Time Scaling for Active Visual Perception Agents16 Jul 2026
- 2026Perceive, Interact, Reason: Building Tool-Augmented Visual Agents for Spatial Reasoning11 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Symbolic Solving: Multi Chain-of-Thought Voting for Geometric Reasoning in Large Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026From Perception to Action: An Interactive Benchmark for Vision Reasoning24 Feb 2026
- 2026MEDVISTAGYM: A Scalable Training Environment for Thinking with Medical Images via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning12 Jan 2026
- 2026EigenData: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Platform for Function-Calling Data Synthesis, Auditing, and Repaircited by 5
- 2026GLANCE: A Global-Local Coordination Multi-Agent Framework for Music-Grounded Non-Linear Video Editingcited by 2
- 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directionscited by 1
- 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions27 Apr 2026
- 2026GLANCE: A Global-Local Coordination Multi-Agent Framework for Music-Grounded Non-Linear Video Editing6 Apr 2026
- 2026EigenData: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Platform for Function-Calling Data Synthesis, Auditing, and Repair5 Mar 2026
- 2026Zooming without Zooming: Region-to-Image Distillation for Fine-Grained Multimodal Perceptioncited by 47
- 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Making Every Tool Call Count: Necessary Tool-Evidence Path Rewards for Agentic Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Making Every Tool Call Count: Necessary Tool-Evidence Path Rewards for Agentic Vision-Language Models3 Sep 2026
- 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learning26 Jul 2026
- 2026Zooming without Zooming: Region-to-Image Distillation for Fine-Grained Multimodal Perception12 Feb 2026
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- 2026Gym-V: A Unified Vision Environment System for Agentic Vision Research
- 2025SenseNova-MARS: Empowering Multimodal Agentic Reasoning and Search via Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Insight-V++: Towards Advanced Long-Chain Visual Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2024Fine-Tuning Large Vision-Language Models as Decision-Making Agents via Reinforcement Learning
- 2026V-Gym: Enhancing Agentic Visual Reasoning via Skill-Data Co-Evolution
- 2025VisualToolAgent (VisTA): A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Visual Tool Selection
- 2025V-Thinker: Interactive Thinking with Images
- 2025VLM Q-Learning: Aligning Vision-Language Models for Interactive Decision-Making