Can They Dixit? Yes they Can! Dixit as a Playground for Multimodal Language Model Capabilities
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models
Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-modal large language models (MLMs) are often assessed on static, individual benchmarks -- which cannot jointly assess MLM capabilities in a single task -- or rely on human or model pairwise comparisons -- which is highly subjective, expensive, and allows models to exploit superficial shortcuts (e.g., verbosity) to inflate their win-rates. To overcome these issues, we propose game-based evaluations to holistically assess MLM capabilities. Games require multiple abilities for players to win, are inherently competitive, and are governed by fix, objective rules, and makes evaluation more engaging, providing a robust framework to address the aforementioned challenges. We manifest this evaluation specifically through Dixit, a fantasy card game where players must generate captions for a card that trick some, but not all players, into selecting the played card. Our quantitative experiments with five MLMs show Dixit win-rate rankings are perfectly correlated with those on popular MLM benchmarks, while games between human and MLM players in Dixit reveal several differences between agent strategies and areas of improvement for MLM reasoning.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 26 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2025.
Builds on
26 of 48 references.
References · 26
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14 more
- 2024Justice or Prejudice? Quantifying Biases in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 354
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- 2023MAgIC: Investigation of Large Language Model Powered Multi-Agent in Cognition, Adaptability, Rationality and Collaboration
- 2024GameArena: Evaluating LLM Reasoning through Live Computer Games
- 2024How Many Parameters Does it Take to Change a Light Bulb? Evaluating Performance in Self-Play of Conversational Games as a Function of Model Characteristics
- 2026Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models. Lessons Learned from General Game Playing
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- 2025Tracing LLM Reasoning Processes with Strategic Games: A Framework for Planning, Revision, and Resource-Constrained Decision Making
- 2026Skill Issue: Are Skills Language-Invariant in LLMs?
- 2026GENSTRAT: Toward a Science of Strategic Reasoning in Large Language Models