mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

DeSTA2.5-Audio: Toward General-Purpose Large Audio Language Model with Self-Generated Cross-Modal Alignment

arXiv 2507.02768 ↗First posted 3 Jul 2025eess.AS cs.CL cs.SDcited by 50

On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → Self-rewarding alignment and self-training

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce DeSTA2.5-Audio, a general-purpose Large Audio Language Model (LALM) designed for robust auditory perception and instruction-following. Recent LALMs augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities by training on large-scale audio-instruction datasets. However, existing LALMs have often suffered from the catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's original abilities. Therefore, balancing knowledge retention and audio perception has become a critical challenge. To address this, we revisit the data construction pipeline and propose a self-generated cross-modal alignment strategy in which the backbone LLM generates its own training targets, named DeSTA. This approach aims at preserving the LLM's native language proficiency thereby enabling zero-shot generalization without task-specific tuning. We construct DeSTA-AQA5M, a large-scale, task-agnostic dataset containing 5 million training samples derived from 7,000 hours of audio spanning 50 diverse datasets, including speech, environmental sounds, and music. DeSTA2.5-Audio achieves state-of-the-art or competitive performance across a wide range of audio-language benchmarks, including Dynamic-SUPERB, MMAU, SAKURA, Speech-IFEval, and VoiceBench. Comprehensive comparative studies demonstrate that our self-generated strategy outperforms existing training strategies. Our findings underscore the importance of carefully designed data construction in LALM development and offer practical insights for building robust, general-purpose LALMs.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Self-rewarding alignment and self-training, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 103 of its 132 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jul 2025.

Builds on

103 of 132 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023BLSP: Bootstrapping Language-Speech Pre-training via Behavior Alignment of Continuation Writing2 Sep

Other references · 102

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  4. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  5. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  6. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  7. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
  8. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
  9. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  10. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  11. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
  12. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
38 more
  1. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,824
  2. 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
  3. 2018Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognitioncited by 752
  4. 2017VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification datasetcited by 732
  5. 2013An Empirical Investigation of Catastrophic Forgetting in Gradient-Based Neural Networkscited by 722
  6. 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 719
  7. 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 692
  8. 2021SUPERB: Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmarkcited by 666
  9. 2018MELD: A Multimodal Multi-Party Dataset for Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 643
  10. 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 608
  11. 2023LLaMA-Adapter V2: Parameter-Efficient Visual Instruction Modelcited by 602
  12. 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 568
  13. 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 560
  14. 2023Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 550
  15. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAscited by 521
  16. 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 506
  17. 2015MUSAN: A Music, Speech, and Noise Corpuscited by 425
  18. 2022Unnatural Instructions: Tuning Language Models with (Almost) No Human Laborcited by 397
  19. 2019Clotho: An Audio Captioning Datasetcited by 358
  20. 2020FSD50K: An Open Dataset of Human-Labeled Sound Eventscited by 342
  21. 2023From Quantity to Quality: Boosting LLM Performance with Self-Guided Data Selection for Instruction Tuningcited by 307
  22. 2024MMAU: A Massive Multi-Task Audio Understanding and Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 288
  23. 2023WavCaps: A ChatGPT-Assisted Weakly-Labelled Audio Captioning Dataset for Audio-Language Multimodal Researchcited by 267
  24. 2017Neural Audio Synthesis of Musical Notes with WaveNet Autoencoderscited by 225
  25. 2024GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbotcited by 224
  26. 2023Listen, Think, and Understandcited by 209
  27. 2016FMA: A Dataset For Music Analysiscited by 207
  28. 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 204
  29. 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 200
  30. 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 197
  31. 2024Audio Flamingo: A Novel Audio Language Model with Few-Shot Learning and Dialogue Abilitiescited by 186
  32. 2024GAMA: A Large Audio-Language Model with Advanced Audio Understanding and Complex Reasoning Abilitiescited by 156
  33. 2023Self-Alignment with Instruction Backtranslationcited by 151
  34. 2025Audio Flamingo 2: An Audio-Language Model with Long-Audio Understanding and Expert Reasoning Abilitiescited by 133
  35. 2024AudioBench: A Universal Benchmark for Audio Large Language Modelscited by 128
  36. 2024E5-V: Universal Embeddings with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 126
  37. 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 121
  38. 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 118

50 most cited of 102 All 102 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 17; 2026: 33.

50 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025STITCH: Simultaneous Thinking and Talking with Chunked Reasoning for Spoken Language Modelscited by 26
  2. 2026X-OPD: Cross-Modal On-Policy Distillation for Capability Alignment in Speech LLMscited by 16
  3. 2025EchoMind: An Interrelated Multi-level Benchmark for Evaluating Empathetic Speech Language Modelscited by 11
  4. 2025STAR-Bench: Probing Deep Spatio-Temporal Reasoning as Audio 4D Intelligencecited by 11
  5. 2025UALM: Unified Audio Language Model for Understanding, Generation and Reasoningcited by 10
  6. 2026Closing the Modality Reasoning Gap for Speech Large Language Modelscited by 9
  7. 2026All That Glitters Is Not Audio: Rethinking Text Priors and Audio Reliance in Audio-Language Evaluationcited by 8
  8. 2025Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Speech Large Language Modelscited by 6
  9. 2026How Contrastive Decoding Enhances Large Audio Language Modelscited by 6
  10. 2025Hearing the Order: Investigating Position Bias in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 5
  11. 2025SAKE: Towards Editing Auditory Attribute Knowledge of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2026Causal Tracing of Audio-Text Fusion in Large Audio Language Modelscited by 5
38 more
  1. 2025When Silence Matters: The Impact of Irrelevant Audio on Text Reasoning in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 4
  2. 2025Investigating Safety Vulnerabilities of Large Audio-Language Models Under Speaker Emotional Variationscited by 4
  3. 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captionscited by 4
  4. 2025ISA-Bench: Benchmarking Instruction Sensitivity for Large Audio Language Modelscited by 3
  5. 2025CantoASR: Prosody-Aware ASR-LALM Collaboration for Low-Resource Cantonesecited by 3
  6. 2025AzeroS: Extending LLM to Speech with Self-Generated Instruction-Free Tuningcited by 3
  7. 2026DIFFA-2: A Practical Diffusion Large Language Model for General Audio Understandingcited by 3
  8. 2026Echo: Towards Advanced Audio Comprehension via Audio-Interleaved Reasoningcited by 3
  9. 2026ASPIRin: Action Space Projection for Interactivity-Optimized Reinforcement Learning in Full-Duplex Speech Language Modelscited by 3
  10. 2026VIBE: Voice-Induced open-ended Bias Evaluation for Large Audio-Language Models via Real-World Speechcited by 3
  11. 2025CMDAR: A Chinese Multi-scene Dynamic Audio Reasoning Benchmark with Diverse Challengescited by 2
  12. 2025ORCA: Open-ended Response Correctness Assessment for Audio Question Answeringcited by 2
  13. 2026Reflecting Twice before Speaking with Empathy: Self-Reflective Alternating Inference for Empathy-Aware End-to-End Spoken Dialoguecited by 2
  14. 2026MUGEN: Evaluating and Improving Multi-audio Understanding of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
  15. 2026Nudging Hidden States: Training-Free Model Steering for Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
  16. 2026How Auditory Knowledge in LLM Backbones Shapes Audio Language Models: A Holistic Evaluationcited by 2
  17. 2026Membership Inference Attacks against Large Audio Language Modelscited by 2
  18. 2026MedMosaic: A Challenging Large Scale Benchmark of Diverse Medical Audiocited by 2
  19. 2026JASTIN: Aligning LLMs for Zero-Shot Audio and Speech Evaluation via Natural Language Instructionscited by 2
  20. 2026A Closer Look at Failure Modes in Temporal Understanding of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
  21. 2026CAAD: Contrastive Audio-Aware Distillation for Efficient Speech Language Modelscited by 2
  22. 2025TAU: A Benchmark for Cultural Sound Understanding Beyond Semanticscited by 1
  23. 2026ALARM: Audio-Language Alignment for Reasoning Modelscited by 1
  24. 2026TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Modelcited by 1
  25. 2026Adaptive Perturbation Selection for Contrastive Audio Decodingcited by 1
  26. 2026SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Modelscited by 1
  27. 2026Quantifying the Generation Modality Gap in Speech-Text Language Modelscited by 1
  28. 2025MI-Fuse: Label Fusion for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Closed-Source Large-Audio Language Modelcited by 0
  29. 2025MedVoiceBias: A Controlled Study of Audio LLM Behavior in Clinical Decision-Makingcited by 0
  30. 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removalcited by 0
  31. 2026AudioDER: A Deduplication-Enhanced Reasoning Dataset for Post-Training Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
  32. 2026RedVox: Safety and Fairness Gaps in Speech Models Across Languagescited by 0
  33. 2026Unlocking Speech-Text Compositional Powers: Instruction-Following Speech Language Models without Instruction Tuningcited by 0
  34. 2026Noisy-Channel Minimum Bayes Risk Decodingcited by 0
  35. 2026Encoder-Side Neuron Identification and Amplification for Acoustic Perception in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
  36. 2026Alignment Is All You Need: Instruction-Free Training for General Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
  37. 2026Causal Localization of the Refusal Direction in Audio Language Modelscited by 0
  38. 2026Personalization Without Stereotyping: Do Speech LLMs Know When to Turn a Deaf Ear?cited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025From Alignment to Advancement: Bootstrapping Audio-Language Alignment with Synthetic Data
  2. 2025Towards Reliable Large Audio Language Model
  3. 2025IFEval-Audio: Benchmarking Instruction-Following Capability in Audio-based Large Language Models
  4. 2026CORD: Bridging the Audio-Text Reasoning Gap via Weighted On-policy Cross-modal Distillation
  5. 2025U-SAM: An audio language Model for Unified Speech, Audio, and Music Understanding
  6. 2026Continuous Audio Thinking for Large Audio Language Models
  7. 2025Scaling Auditory Cognition via Test-Time Compute in Audio Language Models
  8. 2025Steer-MoE: Efficient Audio-Language Alignment with a Mixture-of-Experts Steering Module