AgentA/B: Automated and Scalable Web A/BTesting with Interactive LLM Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents
Abstract (arXiv)
A/B testing experiment is a widely adopted method for evaluating UI/UX design decisions in modern web applications. Yet, traditional A/B testing remains constrained by its dependence on the large-scale and live traffic of human participants, and the long time of waiting for the testing result. Through formative interviews with six experienced industry practitioners, we identified critical bottlenecks in current A/B testing workflows. In response, we present AgentA/B, a novel system that leverages Large Language Model-based autonomous agents (LLM Agents) to automatically simulate user interaction behaviors with real webpages. AgentA/B enables scalable deployment of LLM agents with diverse personas, each capable of navigating the dynamic webpage and interactively executing multi-step interactions like search, clicking, filtering, and purchasing. In a demonstrative controlled experiment, we employ AgentA/B to simulate a between-subject A/B testing with 1,000 LLM agents Amazon.com, and compare agent behaviors with real human shopping behaviors at a scale. Our findings suggest AgentA/B can emulate human-like behavior patterns.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 21 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2025.
Builds on
21 of 71 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Research6 Dec
- 2024WILBUR: Adaptive In-Context Learning for Robust and Accurate Web Agents8 Apr
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents25 Jul
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agents4 Jul
Other references · 17
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023WizardCoder: Empowering Code Large Language Models with Evol-Instructcited by 733
- 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 516
- 2023Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectivescited by 257
- 2023War and Peace (WarAgent): Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Simulation of World Warscited by 145
- 2024Revisiting Zeroth-Order Optimization for Memory-Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning: A Benchmarkcited by 114
- 2024SOUL: Unlocking the Power of Second-Order Optimization for LLM Unlearningcited by 104
- 2018Offline A/B testing for Recommender Systemscited by 96
- 2025UXAgent: An LLM Agent-Based Usability Testing Framework for Web Designcited by 40
- 2018An Efficient Bandit Algorithm for Realtime Multivariate Optimizationcited by 34
- 2025Can LLM Agents Simulate Multi-Turn Human Behavior? Evidence from Real Online Customer Behavior Datacited by 28
5 more
- 2025Towards a Design Guideline for RPA Evaluation: A Survey of Large Language Model-Based Role-Playing Agentscited by 22
- 2023An Empathy-Based Sandbox Approach to Bridge the Privacy Gap among Attitudes, Goals, Knowledge, and Behaviorscited by 18
- 2017Inverse Reinforcement Learning from Summary Datacited by 5
- 2015Improving Website Hyperlink Structure Using Server Logscited by 3
- 2023Understanding Collaborative Practices and Tools of Professional UX Practitioners in Software Organizationscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 11.
19 papers.
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- 2025OPeRA: A Dataset of Observation, Persona, Rationale, and Action for Evaluating LLMs on Human Online Shopping Behavior Simulationcited by 28
- 2025Shop-R1: Rewarding LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior in Online Shopping via Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2025Customer-R1: Personalized Simulation of Human Behaviors via RL-based LLM Agent in Online Shoppingcited by 19
- 2025LLM Agent Meets Agentic AI: Can LLM Agents Simulate Customers to Evaluate Agentic-AI-based Shopping Assistants?cited by 15
- 2025MLLM as a UI Judge: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for Predicting Human Perception of User Interfacescited by 11
- 2025See, Think, Act: Online Shopper Behavior Simulation with VLM Agentscited by 5
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agentscited by 5
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commercecited by 4
- 2025Do MLLMs Capture How Interfaces Guide User Behavior? A Benchmark for Multimodal UI/UX Design Understandingcited by 3
- 2026Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Groundingcited by 2
- 2026SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agentscited by 1
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agentscited by 1
7 more
- 2026Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inferencecited by 1
- 2025OptAgent: Optimizing Query Rewriting for E-commerce via Multi-Agent Simulationcited by 0
- 2026Improving Behavioral Alignment in LLM Social Simulations via Context Formation and Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Same Outcomes, Different Journeys: A Trace-Level Framework for Comparing Human and GUI-Agent Behavior in Production Search Systemscited by 0
- 2026CHORUS: An Agentic Framework for Generating Realistic Deliberation Datacited by 0
- 2026Can AI Agents Simulate A/B Test Outcomes? A Validation Framework for Agentic Experimentationcited by 0
- 2026Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulationscited by 0
- 2026Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulations19 Sep 2026
- 2026Can AI Agents Simulate A/B Test Outcomes? A Validation Framework for Agentic Experimentation3 Aug 2026
- 2026Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inference15 Jun 2026
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agents19 May 2026
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agents15 May 2026
- 2026SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agents14 May 2026
- 2026CHORUS: An Agentic Framework for Generating Realistic Deliberation Data22 Apr 2026
- 2026Same Outcomes, Different Journeys: A Trace-Level Framework for Comparing Human and GUI-Agent Behavior in Production Search Systems9 Apr 2026
- 2026Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Grounding25 Feb 2026
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commerce1 Feb 2026
- 2026Improving Behavioral Alignment in LLM Social Simulations via Context Formation and Navigation4 Jan 2026
- 2025See, Think, Act: Online Shopper Behavior Simulation with VLM Agents22 Oct 2025
7 more
- 2025MLLM as a UI Judge: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for Predicting Human Perception of User Interfaces9 Oct 2025
- 2025Customer-R1: Personalized Simulation of Human Behaviors via RL-based LLM Agent in Online Shopping8 Oct 2025
- 2025OptAgent: Optimizing Query Rewriting for E-commerce via Multi-Agent Simulation4 Oct 2025
- 2025LLM Agent Meets Agentic AI: Can LLM Agents Simulate Customers to Evaluate Agentic-AI-based Shopping Assistants?25 Sep 2025
- 2025Shop-R1: Rewarding LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior in Online Shopping via Reinforcement Learning23 Jul 2025
- 2025OPeRA: A Dataset of Observation, Persona, Rationale, and Action for Evaluating LLMs on Human Online Shopping Behavior Simulation5 Jun 2025
- 2025Do MLLMs Capture How Interfaces Guide User Behavior? A Benchmark for Multimodal UI/UX Design Understanding8 May 2025
- 2025Customer-R1: Personalized Simulation of Human Behaviors via RL-based LLM Agent in Online Shoppingcited by 19
- 2025LLM Agent Meets Agentic AI: Can LLM Agents Simulate Customers to Evaluate Agentic-AI-based Shopping Assistants?cited by 15
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agentscited by 5
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commercecited by 4
- 2026SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agentscited by 1
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agentscited by 1
- 2025OptAgent: Optimizing Query Rewriting for E-commerce via Multi-Agent Simulationcited by 0
- 2026Same Outcomes, Different Journeys: A Trace-Level Framework for Comparing Human and GUI-Agent Behavior in Production Search Systemscited by 0
- 2026CHORUS: An Agentic Framework for Generating Realistic Deliberation Datacited by 0
- 2026Can AI Agents Simulate A/B Test Outcomes? A Validation Framework for Agentic Experimentationcited by 0
- 2026Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulationscited by 0
- 2026Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulations19 Sep 2026
- 2026Can AI Agents Simulate A/B Test Outcomes? A Validation Framework for Agentic Experimentation3 Aug 2026
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agents19 May 2026
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agents15 May 2026
- 2026SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agents14 May 2026
- 2026CHORUS: An Agentic Framework for Generating Realistic Deliberation Data22 Apr 2026
- 2026Same Outcomes, Different Journeys: A Trace-Level Framework for Comparing Human and GUI-Agent Behavior in Production Search Systems9 Apr 2026
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commerce1 Feb 2026
- 2025Customer-R1: Personalized Simulation of Human Behaviors via RL-based LLM Agent in Online Shopping8 Oct 2025
- 2025OptAgent: Optimizing Query Rewriting for E-commerce via Multi-Agent Simulation4 Oct 2025
- 2025LLM Agent Meets Agentic AI: Can LLM Agents Simulate Customers to Evaluate Agentic-AI-based Shopping Assistants?25 Sep 2025
- 2025OPeRA: A Dataset of Observation, Persona, Rationale, and Action for Evaluating LLMs on Human Online Shopping Behavior Simulationcited by 28
- 2025MLLM as a UI Judge: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for Predicting Human Perception of User Interfacescited by 11
- 2025Do MLLMs Capture How Interfaces Guide User Behavior? A Benchmark for Multimodal UI/UX Design Understandingcited by 3
- 2026Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Groundingcited by 2
- 2026Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inferencecited by 1
- 2026Improving Behavioral Alignment in LLM Social Simulations via Context Formation and Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inference15 Jun 2026
- 2026Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Grounding25 Feb 2026
- 2026Improving Behavioral Alignment in LLM Social Simulations via Context Formation and Navigation4 Jan 2026
- 2025MLLM as a UI Judge: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for Predicting Human Perception of User Interfaces9 Oct 2025
- 2025OPeRA: A Dataset of Observation, Persona, Rationale, and Action for Evaluating LLMs on Human Online Shopping Behavior Simulation5 Jun 2025
- 2025Do MLLMs Capture How Interfaces Guide User Behavior? A Benchmark for Multimodal UI/UX Design Understanding8 May 2025
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