mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multi-Agent Geospatial Copilots for Remote Sensing Workflows

arXiv 2501.16254 ↗First posted 27 Jan 2025cs.LGcited by 20

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

We present GeoLLM-Squad, a geospatial Copilot that introduces the novel multi-agent paradigm to remote sensing (RS) workflows. Unlike existing single-agent approaches that rely on monolithic large language models (LLM), GeoLLM-Squad separates agentic orchestration from geospatial task-solving, by delegating RS tasks to specialized sub-agents. Built on the open-source AutoGen and GeoLLM-Engine frameworks, our work enables the modular integration of diverse applications, spanning urban monitoring, forestry protection, climate analysis, and agriculture studies. Our results demonstrate that while single-agent systems struggle to scale with increasing RS task complexity, GeoLLM-Squad maintains robust performance, achieving a 17% improvement in agentic correctness over state-of-the-art baselines. Our findings highlight the potential of multi-agent AI in advancing RS workflows.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 35 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2025.

Builds on

35 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024An LLM Agent for Automatic Geospatial Data Analysis24 Oct
  2. 2024Evaluating Tool-Augmented Agents in Remote Sensing Platforms23 Apr

Other references · 33

  1. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
  2. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  3. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  4. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
  5. 2023RemoteCLIP: A Vision Language Foundation Model for Remote Sensingcited by 357
  6. 2023Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 352
  7. 2024Agent Workflow Memorycited by 342
  8. 2023GeoChat: Grounded Large Vision-Language Model for Remote Sensingcited by 320
  9. 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 273
  10. 2019BigEarthNet: A Large-Scale Benchmark Archive For Remote Sensing Image Understandingcited by 231
  11. 2024Magentic-One: A Generalist Multi-Agent System for Solving Complex Taskscited by 221
  12. 2023RSGPT: A Remote Sensing Vision Language Model and Benchmarkcited by 204
21 more
  1. 2024EarthGPT: A Universal Multi-modal Large Language Model for Multi-sensor Image Comprehension in Remote Sensing Domaincited by 181
  2. 2018xView: Objects in Context in Overhead Imagerycited by 145
  3. 2021FAIR1M: A Benchmark Dataset for Fine-grained Object Recognition in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 143
  4. 2023GEO-Bench: Toward Foundation Models for Earth Monitoringcited by 122
  5. 2024SkyEyeGPT: Unifying Remote Sensing Vision-Language Tasks via Instruction Tuning with Large Language Modelcited by 112
  6. 2023Remote Sensing Vision-Language Foundation Models without Annotations via Ground Remote Alignmentcited by 71
  7. 2023DisasterResponseGPT: Large Language Models for Accelerated Plan of Action Development in Disaster Response Scenarioscited by 33
  8. 2024On the Foundations of Earth and Climate Foundation Modelscited by 31
  9. 2017NeuralPower: Predict and Deploy Energy-Efficient Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 30
  10. 2024Remote Sensing ChatGPT: Solving Remote Sensing Tasks with ChatGPT and Visual Modelscited by 30
  11. 2024Large Language Models for Captioning and Retrieving Remote Sensing Imagescited by 30
  12. 2024GeoLLM-Engine: A Realistic Environment for Building Geospatial Copilotscited by 27
  13. 2022xView3-SAR: Detecting Dark Fishing Activity Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagerycited by 25
  14. 2024Urban Mobility Assessment Using LLMscited by 13
  15. 2024GeckOpt: LLM System Efficiency via Intent-Based Tool Selectioncited by 12
  16. 2024OReole-FM: successes and challenges toward billion-parameter foundation models for high-resolution satellite imagerycited by 11
  17. 2023Stable Diffusion For Aerial Object Detectioncited by 9
  18. 2024Harnessing LLMs for Cross-City OD Flow Predictioncited by 7
  19. 2024Cookbook: A framework for improving LLM generative abilities via programmatic data generating templatescited by 3
  20. 2022Evaluating Digital Tools for Sustainable Agriculture using Causal Inferencecited by 2
  21. 2024Multimodal large language model for wheat breeding: a new exploration of smart breedingcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 10.

20 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Designing Domain-Specific Agents via Hierarchical Task Abstraction Mechanismcited by 16
  2. 2025Accelerating Earth Science Discovery via Multi-Agent LLM Systemscited by 13
  3. 2025A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Modelscited by 12
  4. 2025Geo-OLM: Enabling Sustainable Earth Observation Studies with Cost-Efficient Open Language Models & State-Driven Workflowscited by 10
  5. 2025CORE: Full-Path Evaluation of LLM Agents Beyond Final Statecited by 8
  6. 2025GeoFlow: Agentic Workflow Automation for Geospatial Taskscited by 7
  7. 2025CangLing-KnowFlow: A Unified Knowledge-and-Flow-fused Agent for Comprehensive Remote Sensing Applicationscited by 7
  8. 2026Agentic AI in Remote Sensing: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Emerging Systemscited by 3
  9. 2026IC-EO: Interpretable Code-based assistant for Earth Observationcited by 2
  10. 2026GeoAgentBench: A Dynamic Execution Benchmark for Tool-Augmented Agents in Spatial Analysiscited by 2
  11. 2026RS-Claw: Progressive Active Tool Exploration via Hierarchical Skill Trees for Remote Sensing Agentscited by 2
  12. 2025Remote Sensing Image Intelligent Interpretation with the Language-Centered Perspective: Principles, Methods and Challengescited by 1
8 more
  1. 2025REMSA: Foundation Model Selection for Remote Sensing via a Constraint-Aware Agentcited by 0
  2. 2025Naiad: Novel Agentic Intelligent Autonomous System for Inland Water Monitoringcited by 0
  3. 2026GeoNatureAgent Benchmark: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Environmental Geospatial Analysis Across Frontier and Open-Weight Foundation Modelscited by 0
  4. 2026GeoDisaster: Benchmarking Orchestrated Agents for Operational Disaster Geo-Intelligencecited by 0
  5. 2026Multimodal Large Language Models for Remote Sensing Image Understanding: Domain-Specific or General-Purpose?cited by 0
  6. 2026Deploying and Evaluating a Smart-Agriculture Agentic Engine for Full-Season Soybean Farm Operationscited by 0
  7. 2026RingMoClaw: An Experience-Inspired Multi-Agent Framework for Self-Evolving Research in Remote Sensingcited by 0
  8. 2026RS-Claw-Evolution: Environment-Feedback-Driven Evolution for Lightweight Remote Sensing Agents in Long-Horizon Taskscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions
  2. 2025ThinkGeo: Evaluating Tool-Augmented Agents for Remote Sensing Tasks
  3. 2026OpenEarthAgent: A Unified Framework for Tool-Augmented Geospatial Agents
  4. 2026HiRS-Agent: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent System for Reliable Long-Horizon Remote Sensing Task Solving
  5. 2026SimCRAFT: Distilling Remote Sensing Agents via Synthetic Trajectories and Contextual Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning
  6. 2025MapAgent: A Hierarchical Agent for Geospatial Reasoning with Dynamic Map Tool Integration
  7. 2024RS-Agent: Automating Remote Sensing Tasks through Intelligent Agent
  8. 2026OpenEarth-Agent: From Tool Calling to Tool Creation for Open-Environment Earth Observation