Virgo: A Preliminary Exploration on Reproducing o1-like MLLM
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, slow-thinking reasoning systems, built upon large language models (LLMs), have garnered widespread attention by scaling the thinking time during inference. There is also growing interest in adapting this capability to multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Given that MLLMs handle more complex data semantics across different modalities, it is intuitively more challenging to implement multimodal slow-thinking systems. To address this issue, in this paper, we explore a straightforward approach by fine-tuning a capable MLLM with a small amount of textual long-form thought data, resulting in a multimodal slow-thinking system, Virgo (Visual reasoning with long thought). We find that these long-form reasoning processes, expressed in natural language, can be effectively transferred to MLLMs. Moreover, it seems that such textual reasoning data can be even more effective than visual reasoning data in eliciting the slow-thinking capacities of MLLMs. While this work is preliminary, it demonstrates that slow-thinking capacities are fundamentally associated with the language model component, which can be transferred across modalities or domains. This finding can be leveraged to guide the development of more powerful slow-thinking reasoning systems. We release our resources at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/Virgo.
Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 13 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jan 2025.
Builds on
13 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Temporal Reasoning Transfer from Text to Video8 Oct
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning19 Mar
Other references · 10
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,136
- 2024Long Context Transfer from Language to Visioncited by 515
- 2021Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 383
- 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 350
- 2017FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoningcited by 319
- 2021GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoningcited by 228
- 2024Imitate, Explore, and Self-Improve: A Reproduction Report on Slow-thinking Reasoning Systemscited by 164
- 2022UniGeo: Unifying Geometry Logical Reasoning via Reformulating Mathematical Expressioncited by 137
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 57; 2026: 11.
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- 2025Scalable Chain of Thoughts via Elastic Reasoning8 May 2025
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- 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 323
- 2025From System 1 to System 2: A Survey of Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 320
- 2025VideoChat-R1: Enhancing Spatio-Temporal Perception via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 255
- 2025Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 182
- 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoningcited by 159
- 2025MME-CoT: Benchmarking Chain-of-Thought in Large Multimodal Models for Reasoning Quality, Robustness, and Efficiencycited by 125
- 2025OpenVLThinker: Complex Vision-Language Reasoning via Iterative SFT-RL Cyclescited by 124
- 2025RedStar: Does Scaling Long-CoT Data Unlock Better Slow-Reasoning Systems?cited by 60
- 2025SRPO: Enhancing Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Reflection-Aware Reinforcement Learningcited by 57
- 2025Look-Back: Implicit Visual Re-focusing in MLLM Reasoningcited by 55
- 2025Embodied-Reasoner: Synergizing Visual Search, Reasoning, and Action for Embodied Interactive Taskscited by 44
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- 2026Thinking With Tools, Not With Pixels: Tool Calls as Text Scaffolds for Visual Reasoning10 Aug 2026
- 2026LASER: A Corrective Lens for LVLMs via Visual Attention Preservation and Sink Suppression2 Jul 2026
- 2026See Further, Think Deeper: Advancing VLM's Reasoning Ability with Low-level Visual Cues and Reflection27 Apr 2026
- 2026Through the Lens of Contrast: Self-Improving Visual Reasoning in VLMs3 Mar 2026
- 2026Enhancing Multi-Modal LLMs Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Group Normalization25 Feb 2026
- 2026Controllable Exploration in Hybrid-Policy RLVR for Multi-Modal Reasoning22 Feb 2026
- 2026Diagnosing Knowledge Conflict in Multimodal Long-Chain Reasoning16 Feb 2026
- 2026Addressing Overthinking in Large Vision-Language Models via Gated Perception-Reasoning Optimization7 Jan 2026
- 2025OmniDrive-R1: Reinforcement-driven Interleaved Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought for Trustworthy Vision-Language Autonomous Driving16 Dec 2025
- 2025Revisiting the Necessity of Lengthy Chain-of-Thought in Vision-centric Reasoning Generalization27 Nov 2025
- 2025L2V-CoT: Cross-Modal Transfer of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Latent Intervention22 Nov 2025
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