Vision-G1: Towards General Vision Language Reasoning with Multi-Domain Data Curation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite their success, current training pipelines for reasoning VLMs focus on a limited range of tasks, such as mathematical and logical reasoning. As a result, these models face difficulties in generalizing their reasoning capabilities to a wide range of domains, primarily due to the scarcity of readily available and verifiable reward data beyond these narrowly defined areas. Moreover, integrating data from multiple domains is challenging, as the compatibility between domain-specific datasets remains uncertain. To address these limitations, we build a comprehensive RL-ready visual reasoning dataset from 46 data sources across 8 dimensions, covering a wide range of tasks such as infographic, mathematical, spatial, cross-image, graphic user interface, medical, common sense and general science. We propose an influence function based data selection and difficulty based filtering strategy to identify high-quality training samples from this dataset. Subsequently, we train the VLM, referred to as Vision-G1, using multi-round RL with a data curriculum to iteratively improve its visual reasoning capabilities. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance across various visual reasoning benchmarks, outperforming similar-sized VLMs and even proprietary models like GPT-4o and Gemini-1.5 Flash. The model, code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/yuh-zha/Vision-G1.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 84 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2025.
Builds on
84 of 94 references.
Closest ancestors · 24
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Chart-R1: Chain-of-Thought Supervision and Reinforcement for Advanced Chart Reasoner21 Jul
- 2025Mixed-R1: Unified Reward Perspective For Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models30 May
- 2025SFT or RL? An Early Investigation into Training R1-Like Reasoning Large Vision-Language Models10 Apr
- 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning10 Apr
- 2025SoTA with Less: MCTS-Guided Sample Selection for Data-Efficient Visual Reasoning Self-Improvement10 Apr
- 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
- 2025Kimi-VL Technical Report10 Apr
- 2025R1-Onevision: Advancing Generalized Multimodal Reasoning through Cross-Modal Formalization13 Mar
- 2025LMM-R1: Empowering 3B LMMs with Strong Reasoning Abilities Through Two-Stage Rule-Based RL10 Mar
- 2025Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models9 Mar
- 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuning3 Mar
- 2025Virgo: A Preliminary Exploration on Reproducing o1-like MLLM3 Jan
12 more
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
- 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Step15 Nov
- 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Models29 Oct
- 2024LogicVista: Multimodal LLM Logical Reasoning Benchmark in Visual Contexts6 Jul
- 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?1 Jul
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
- 2023ChartBench: A Benchmark for Complex Visual Reasoning in Charts26 Dec
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
- 2022Super-CLEVR: A Virtual Benchmark to Diagnose Domain Robustness in Visual Reasoning1 Dec
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering20 Sep
- 2022CLEVR-Math: A Dataset for Compositional Language, Visual and Mathematical Reasoning10 Aug
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning19 Mar
Other references · 60
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
38 more
- 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,506
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,718
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,136
- 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,121
- 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phonecited by 1,079
- 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 914
- 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
- 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
- 2022A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledgecited by 710
- 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 706
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
- 2020Estimating Training Data Influence by Tracing Gradient Descentcited by 580
- 2024LESS: Selecting Influential Data for Targeted Instruction Tuningcited by 532
- 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 512
- 2020PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 475
- 2025Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Modelcited by 461
- 2018A Corpus for Reasoning About Natural Language Grounded in Photographscited by 459
- 2024VLMEvalKit: An Open-Source Toolkit for Evaluating Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 455
- 2021SLAKE: A Semantically-Labeled Knowledge-Enhanced Dataset for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 449
- 2021Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 383
- 2023What Makes Good Data for Alignment? A Comprehensive Study of Automatic Data Selection in Instruction Tuningcited by 364
- 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 350
- 2018DVQA: Understanding Data Visualizations via Question Answeringcited by 340
- 2023PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 338
- 2019PlotQA: Reasoning over Scientific Plotscited by 321
- 2017FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoningcited by 319
- 2025VAPO: Efficient and Reliable Reinforcement Learning for Advanced Reasoning Taskscited by 285
- 2021IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoningcited by 267
- 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 234
- 2021GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoningcited by 228
- 2023OctoPack: Instruction Tuning Code Large Language Modelscited by 189
- 2024MuirBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Robust Multi-image Understandingcited by 188
- 2024Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 169
- 2023UniChart: A Universal Vision-language Pretrained Model for Chart Comprehension and Reasoningcited by 160
- 2022UniGeo: Unifying Geometry Logical Reasoning via Reformulating Mathematical Expressioncited by 137
50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 10.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shapingcited by 17
- 2025OralGPT-Omni: A Versatile Dental Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 11
- 2026VisNec: Measuring and Leveraging Visual Necessity for Multimodal Instruction Tuningcited by 8
- 2026DeepVision-103K: A Visually Diverse, Broad-Coverage, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 6
- 2026Chain-of-Thought Degrades Visual Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Multimodal LLMscited by 6
- 2025Learning When to Look: A Disentangled Curriculum for Strategic Perception in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026OMIBench: Benchmarking Olympiad-Level Multi-Image Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 5
- 2026OpenVLThinkerV2: A Generalist Multimodal Reasoning Model for Multi-domain Visual Taskscited by 2
- 2026CharTide: Data-Centric Chart-to-Code Generation via Tri-Perspective Tuning and Inquiry-Driven Evolutioncited by 2
- 2026Difference Feedback: Generating Multimodal Process-Level Supervision for VLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Offline-Online Curriculum RL for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Stable-MM-R1: Anchoring Multimodal Reasoning Dynamics via Entropy-Guided Stratification7 Sep 2026
- 2026Offline-Online Curriculum RL for Multimodal Reasoning26 Jul 2026
- 2026Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learning7 May 2026
- 2026CharTide: Data-Centric Chart-to-Code Generation via Tri-Perspective Tuning and Inquiry-Driven Evolution24 Apr 2026
- 2026OMIBench: Benchmarking Olympiad-Level Multi-Image Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Model22 Apr 2026
- 2026Chain-of-Thought Degrades Visual Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Multimodal LLMs17 Apr 2026
- 2026OpenVLThinkerV2: A Generalist Multimodal Reasoning Model for Multi-domain Visual Tasks9 Apr 2026
- 2026Difference Feedback: Generating Multimodal Process-Level Supervision for VLM Reinforcement Learning29 Mar 2026
- 2026VisNec: Measuring and Leveraging Visual Necessity for Multimodal Instruction Tuning1 Mar 2026
- 2026DeepVision-103K: A Visually Diverse, Broad-Coverage, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Multimodal Reasoning18 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning When to Look: A Disentangled Curriculum for Strategic Perception in Multimodal Reasoning19 Dec 2025
- 2025OralGPT-Omni: A Versatile Dental Multimodal Large Language Model27 Nov 2025
- 2025ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shapingcited by 17
- 2026VisNec: Measuring and Leveraging Visual Necessity for Multimodal Instruction Tuningcited by 8
- 2026DeepVision-103K: A Visually Diverse, Broad-Coverage, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 6
- 2026Chain-of-Thought Degrades Visual Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Multimodal LLMscited by 6
- 2025Learning When to Look: A Disentangled Curriculum for Strategic Perception in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026OMIBench: Benchmarking Olympiad-Level Multi-Image Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 5
- 2026OpenVLThinkerV2: A Generalist Multimodal Reasoning Model for Multi-domain Visual Taskscited by 2
- 2026Difference Feedback: Generating Multimodal Process-Level Supervision for VLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Offline-Online Curriculum RL for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Stable-MM-R1: Anchoring Multimodal Reasoning Dynamics via Entropy-Guided Stratificationcited by 0
- 2026Stable-MM-R1: Anchoring Multimodal Reasoning Dynamics via Entropy-Guided Stratification7 Sep 2026
- 2026Offline-Online Curriculum RL for Multimodal Reasoning26 Jul 2026
- 2026Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learning7 May 2026
- 2026OMIBench: Benchmarking Olympiad-Level Multi-Image Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Model22 Apr 2026
- 2026Chain-of-Thought Degrades Visual Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Multimodal LLMs17 Apr 2026
- 2026OpenVLThinkerV2: A Generalist Multimodal Reasoning Model for Multi-domain Visual Tasks9 Apr 2026
- 2026Difference Feedback: Generating Multimodal Process-Level Supervision for VLM Reinforcement Learning29 Mar 2026
- 2026VisNec: Measuring and Leveraging Visual Necessity for Multimodal Instruction Tuning1 Mar 2026
- 2026DeepVision-103K: A Visually Diverse, Broad-Coverage, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Multimodal Reasoning18 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning When to Look: A Disentangled Curriculum for Strategic Perception in Multimodal Reasoning19 Dec 2025
- 2025ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shaping9 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Vero: An Open RL Recipe for General Visual Reasoning
- 2025Generalizing from SIMPLE to HARD Visual Reasoning: Can We Mitigate Modality Imbalance in VLMs?
- 2024From the Least to the Most: Building a Plug-and-Play Visual Reasoner via Data Synthesis
- 2025Visual-TableQA: Open-Domain Benchmark for Reasoning over Table Images
- 2025Weaving Context Across Images: Improving Vision-Language Models through Focus-Centric Visual Chains
- 2026VG-CoT: Towards Trustworthy Visual Reasoning via Grounded Chain-of-Thought
- 2025Rethinking RL Scaling for Vision Language Models: A Transparent, From-Scratch Framework and Comprehensive Evaluation Scheme
- 2025GLM-4.5V and GLM-4.1V-Thinking: Towards Versatile Multimodal Reasoning with Scalable Reinforcement Learning