Stag-1: Towards Realistic 4D Driving Simulation with Video Generation Model
On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving
Abstract (arXiv)
4D driving simulation is essential for developing realistic autonomous driving simulators. Despite advancements in existing methods for generating driving scenes, significant challenges remain in view transformation and spatial-temporal dynamic modeling. To address these limitations, we propose a Spatial-Temporal simulAtion for drivinG (Stag-1) model to reconstruct real-world scenes and design a controllable generative network to achieve 4D simulation. Stag-1 constructs continuous 4D point cloud scenes using surround-view data from autonomous vehicles. It decouples spatial-temporal relationships and produces coherent keyframe videos. Additionally, Stag-1 leverages video generation models to obtain photo-realistic and controllable 4D driving simulation videos from any perspective. To expand the range of view generation, we train vehicle motion videos based on decomposed camera poses, enhancing modeling capabilities for distant scenes. Furthermore, we reconstruct vehicle camera trajectories to integrate 3D points across consecutive views, enabling comprehensive scene understanding along the temporal dimension. Following extensive multi-level scene training, Stag-1 can simulate from any desired viewpoint and achieve a deep understanding of scene evolution under static spatial-temporal conditions. Compared to existing methods, our approach shows promising performance in multi-view scene consistency, background coherence, and accuracy, and contributes to the ongoing advancements in realistic autonomous driving simulation. Code: https://github.com/wzzheng/Stag.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 18 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2024.
Builds on
18 of 58 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representation17 Oct
- 2024textitS3Gaussian: Self-Supervised Street Gaussians for Autonomous Driving30 May
- 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllability27 May
- 2024MagicDrive3D: Controllable 3D Generation for Any-View Rendering in Street Scenes23 May
- 2024S-NeRF++: Autonomous Driving Simulation via Neural Reconstruction and Generation3 Feb
- 2024Street Gaussians: Modeling Dynamic Urban Scenes with Gaussian Splatting2 Jan
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
Other references · 9
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,581
- 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,831
- 2024ViewCrafter: Taming Video Diffusion Models for High-fidelity Novel View Synthesiscited by 403
- 2023MagicDrive: Street View Generation with Diverse 3D Geometry Controlcited by 252
- 2023EmerNeRF: Emergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition via Self-Supervisioncited by 217
- 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191
- 2024DriveArena: A Closed-loop Generative Simulation Platform for Autonomous Drivingcited by 98
- 2024FreeVS: Generative View Synthesis on Free Driving Trajectorycited by 53
- 2024SimGen: Simulator-conditioned Driving Scene Generationcited by 34
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 2.
18 papers.
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- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Surveycited by 67
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generationcited by 40
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Modelscited by 33
- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllabilitycited by 20
- 2025ORV: 4D Occupancy-centric Robot Video Generationcited by 17
- 2025Challenger: Affordable Adversarial Driving Video Generationcited by 16
- 2025WorldSplat: Gaussian-Centric Feed-Forward 4D Scene Generation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 13
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 8
- 20254D Driving Scene Generation With Stereo Forcingcited by 8
- 2025Scaling Up Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generation: Dataset and Methodcited by 8
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunitiescited by 7
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
6 more
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- 2025LLM-based Realistic Safety-Critical Driving Video Generationcited by 2
- 2026FreeFix: Boosting 3D Gaussian Splatting via Fine-Tuning-Free Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2026What if? Emulative Simulation with World Models for Situated Reasoningcited by 2
- 2025Advances in 4D Generation: A Surveycited by 1
- 2025Hybrid Gaussian Splatting for Novel Urban View Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026What if? Emulative Simulation with World Models for Situated Reasoning6 Mar 2026
- 2026FreeFix: Boosting 3D Gaussian Splatting via Fine-Tuning-Free Diffusion Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2025
- 2025Scaling Up Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generation: Dataset and Method27 Oct 2025
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Models21 Oct 2025
- 2025Hybrid Gaussian Splatting for Novel Urban View Synthesis14 Oct 2025
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI6 Oct 2025
- 2025WorldSplat: Gaussian-Centric Feed-Forward 4D Scene Generation for Autonomous Driving27 Sep 2025
- 20254D Driving Scene Generation With Stereo Forcing24 Sep 2025
- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025LLM-based Realistic Safety-Critical Driving Video Generation2 Jul 2025
- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllability16 Jun 2025
6 more
- 2025ORV: 4D Occupancy-centric Robot Video Generation3 Jun 2025
- 2025Challenger: Affordable Adversarial Driving Video Generation21 May 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunities13 May 2025
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generation19 Mar 2025
- 2025Advances in 4D Generation: A Survey18 Mar 2025
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstruction13 Mar 2025
- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Surveycited by 67
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Modelscited by 33
- 2025ORV: 4D Occupancy-centric Robot Video Generationcited by 17
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AIcited by 3
- 2026What if? Emulative Simulation with World Models for Situated Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026What if? Emulative Simulation with World Models for Situated Reasoning6 Mar 2026
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Models21 Oct 2025
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI6 Oct 2025
- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025ORV: 4D Occupancy-centric Robot Video Generation3 Jun 2025
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstruction13 Mar 2025
- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllabilitycited by 20
- 2025WorldSplat: Gaussian-Centric Feed-Forward 4D Scene Generation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 13
- 2026FreeFix: Boosting 3D Gaussian Splatting via Fine-Tuning-Free Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2025Hybrid Gaussian Splatting for Novel Urban View Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026FreeFix: Boosting 3D Gaussian Splatting via Fine-Tuning-Free Diffusion Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025Hybrid Gaussian Splatting for Novel Urban View Synthesis14 Oct 2025
- 2025WorldSplat: Gaussian-Centric Feed-Forward 4D Scene Generation for Autonomous Driving27 Sep 2025
- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllability16 Jun 2025
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2025
- 2025LLM-based Realistic Safety-Critical Driving Video Generation2 Jul 2025
- 2025Challenger: Affordable Adversarial Driving Video Generation21 May 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunities13 May 2025
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generationcited by 40
- 20254D Driving Scene Generation With Stereo Forcingcited by 8
- 2025Scaling Up Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generation: Dataset and Methodcited by 8
- 2025Advances in 4D Generation: A Surveycited by 1
- 2025Scaling Up Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generation: Dataset and Method27 Oct 2025
- 20254D Driving Scene Generation With Stereo Forcing24 Sep 2025
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generation19 Mar 2025
- 2025Advances in 4D Generation: A Survey18 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2024DreamDrive: Generative 4D Scene Modeling from Street View Images
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- 2026FAR-Drive: Frame-AutoRegressive Video Generation in Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving
- 2025SimWorld: A Unified Benchmark for Simulator-Conditioned Scene Generation via World Model
- 2024DrivingRecon: Large 4D Gaussian Reconstruction Model For Autonomous Driving
- 2026Towards Physically Consistent 4D Scene Reconstruction for Closed-loop Autonomous Driving Simulation
- 2026HelloWorld: Towards Practical Applications of Generative Driving World Models
- 2023DrivingDiffusion: Layout-Guided multi-view driving scene video generation with latent diffusion model