LLM-DetectAIve: a Tool for Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
The ease of access to large language models (LLMs) has enabled a widespread of machine-generated texts, and now it is often hard to tell whether a piece of text was human-written or machine-generated. This raises concerns about potential misuse, particularly within educational and academic domains. Thus, it is important to develop practical systems that can automate the process. Here, we present one such system, LLM-DetectAIve, designed for fine-grained detection. Unlike most previous work on machine-generated text detection, which focused on binary classification, LLM-DetectAIve supports four categories: (i) human-written, (ii) machine-generated, (iii) machine-written, then machine-humanized, and (iv) human-written, then machine-polished. Category (iii) aims to detect attempts to obfuscate the fact that a text was machine-generated, while category (iv) looks for cases where the LLM was used to polish a human-written text, which is typically acceptable in academic writing, but not in education. Our experiments show that LLM-DetectAIve can effectively identify the above four categories, which makes it a potentially useful tool in education, academia, and other domains. LLM-DetectAIve is publicly accessible at https://github.com/mbzuai-nlp/LLM-DetectAIve. The video describing our system is available at https://youtu.be/E8eT_bE7k8c.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Aug 2024.
Builds on
13 of 21 references.
References · 13
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
- 2015Domain-Adversarial Training of Neural Networkscited by 3,023
- 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,157
- 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 705
- 2023The Science of Detecting LLM-Generated Textscited by 126
- 2023M4: Multi-generator, Multi-domain, and Multi-lingual Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 118
- 2022ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity?cited by 88
- 2023OUTFOX: LLM-Generated Essay Detection Through In-Context Learning with Adversarially Generated Examplescited by 80
- 2024LLM-as-a-Coauthor: Can Mixed Human-Written and Machine-Generated Text Be Detected?cited by 47
- 2024M4GT-Bench: Evaluation Benchmark for Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 43
- 2024SemEval-2024 Task 8: Multidomain, Multimodel and Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 30
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 19; 2026: 3.
25 papers.
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- 2024Beemo: Benchmark of Expert-edited Machine-generated Outputscited by 26
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Textcited by 26
- 2025Survey on AI-Generated Media Detection: From Non-MLLM to MLLMcited by 12
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2025GenAI Content Detection Task 1: English and Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection: AI vs. Humancited by 11
- 2025CoDet-M4: Detecting Machine-Generated Code in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Generator and Multi-Domain Settingscited by 11
- 2024On the Generalization and Adaptation Ability of Machine-Generated Text Detectors in Academic Writingcited by 10
- 2025Stress-testing Machine Generated Text Detection: Shifting Language Models Writing Style to Fool Detectorscited by 9
- 2025Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narrativescited by 8
- 2025DetectAnyLLM: Towards Generalizable and Robust Detection of Machine-Generated Text Across Domains and Modelscited by 8
- 2025Large Language Models Penetration in Scholarly Writing and Peer Reviewcited by 6
- 2025Decoupling Content and Expression: Two-Dimensional Detection of AI-Generated Textcited by 6
13 more
- 2025Real, Fake, or Manipulated? Detecting Machine-Influenced Textcited by 6
- 2025FDLLM: A Dedicated Detector for Black-Box LLMs Fingerprintingcited by 4
- 2025How Sampling Affects the Detectability of Machine-written texts: A Comprehensive Studycited by 4
- 2024MOSAIC: Multiple Observers Spotting AI Contentcited by 3
- 2025Robust and Fine-Grained Detection of AI Generated Textscited by 3
- 2025Beyond Easy Wins: A Text Hardness-Aware Benchmark for LLM-generated Text Detectioncited by 3
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?cited by 3
- 2025A Comprehensive Dataset for Human vs. AI Generated Text Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Domain Gating Ensemble Networks for AI-Generated Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2025AINL-Eval 2025 Shared Task: Detection of AI-Generated Scientific Abstracts in Russiancited by 0
- 2026Build it, Break it, Repeat: Benchmarking and improving LLM-manipulated disinformation detection in social media postscited by 0
- 2026Detecting GPT-Assisted Writing Using Interpretable Stylometric Featurescited by 0
- 2026How Much Were You Told? Measuring External Information in Peer Reviewscited by 0
- 2026How Much Were You Told? Measuring External Information in Peer Reviews23 Sep 2026
- 2026Detecting GPT-Assisted Writing Using Interpretable Stylometric Features22 Sep 2026
- 2026Build it, Break it, Repeat: Benchmarking and improving LLM-manipulated disinformation detection in social media posts10 Aug 2026
- 2025A Comprehensive Dataset for Human vs. AI Generated Text Detection26 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?23 Oct 2025
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025How Sampling Affects the Detectability of Machine-written texts: A Comprehensive Study15 Oct 2025
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Text3 Oct 2025
- 2025Real, Fake, or Manipulated? Detecting Machine-Influenced Text18 Sep 2025
- 2025DetectAnyLLM: Towards Generalizable and Robust Detection of Machine-Generated Text Across Domains and Models15 Sep 2025
- 2025AINL-Eval 2025 Shared Task: Detection of AI-Generated Scientific Abstracts in Russian13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Easy Wins: A Text Hardness-Aware Benchmark for LLM-generated Text Detection21 Jul 2025
13 more
- 2025Stress-testing Machine Generated Text Detection: Shifting Language Models Writing Style to Fool Detectors30 May 2025
- 2025Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narratives23 May 2025
- 2025Domain Gating Ensemble Networks for AI-Generated Text Detection20 May 2025
- 2025Robust and Fine-Grained Detection of AI Generated Texts16 Apr 2025
- 2025CoDet-M4: Detecting Machine-Generated Code in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Generator and Multi-Domain Settings17 Mar 2025
- 2025Decoupling Content and Expression: Two-Dimensional Detection of AI-Generated Text1 Mar 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Penetration in Scholarly Writing and Peer Review16 Feb 2025
- 2025Survey on AI-Generated Media Detection: From Non-MLLM to MLLM7 Feb 2025
- 2025FDLLM: A Dedicated Detector for Black-Box LLMs Fingerprinting27 Jan 2025
- 2025GenAI Content Detection Task 1: English and Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection: AI vs. Human19 Jan 2025
- 2024On the Generalization and Adaptation Ability of Machine-Generated Text Detectors in Academic Writing23 Dec 2024
- 2024Beemo: Benchmark of Expert-edited Machine-generated Outputs6 Nov 2024
- 2024MOSAIC: Multiple Observers Spotting AI Content11 Sep 2024
- 2024Beemo: Benchmark of Expert-edited Machine-generated Outputscited by 26
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Textcited by 26
- 2025Survey on AI-Generated Media Detection: From Non-MLLM to MLLMcited by 12
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2025GenAI Content Detection Task 1: English and Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection: AI vs. Humancited by 11
- 2025CoDet-M4: Detecting Machine-Generated Code in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Generator and Multi-Domain Settingscited by 11
- 2024On the Generalization and Adaptation Ability of Machine-Generated Text Detectors in Academic Writingcited by 10
- 2025Stress-testing Machine Generated Text Detection: Shifting Language Models Writing Style to Fool Detectorscited by 9
- 2025Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narrativescited by 8
- 2025DetectAnyLLM: Towards Generalizable and Robust Detection of Machine-Generated Text Across Domains and Modelscited by 8
- 2025Large Language Models Penetration in Scholarly Writing and Peer Reviewcited by 6
- 2025Decoupling Content and Expression: Two-Dimensional Detection of AI-Generated Textcited by 6
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026How Much Were You Told? Measuring External Information in Peer Reviews23 Sep 2026
- 2026Detecting GPT-Assisted Writing Using Interpretable Stylometric Features22 Sep 2026
- 2026Build it, Break it, Repeat: Benchmarking and improving LLM-manipulated disinformation detection in social media posts10 Aug 2026
- 2025A Comprehensive Dataset for Human vs. AI Generated Text Detection26 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?23 Oct 2025
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025How Sampling Affects the Detectability of Machine-written texts: A Comprehensive Study15 Oct 2025
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Text3 Oct 2025
- 2025Real, Fake, or Manipulated? Detecting Machine-Influenced Text18 Sep 2025
- 2025DetectAnyLLM: Towards Generalizable and Robust Detection of Machine-Generated Text Across Domains and Models15 Sep 2025
- 2025AINL-Eval 2025 Shared Task: Detection of AI-Generated Scientific Abstracts in Russian13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Easy Wins: A Text Hardness-Aware Benchmark for LLM-generated Text Detection21 Jul 2025
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)