Stress-testing Machine Generated Text Detection: Shifting Language Models Writing Style to Fool Detectors
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation. Moreover, detecting Machine-Generated Text (MGT) remains challenging due to the lack of robust benchmarks that assess generalization to real-world scenarios. In this work, we present a pipeline to test the resilience of state-of-the-art MGT detectors (e.g., Mage, Radar, LLM-DetectAIve) to linguistically informed adversarial attacks. To challenge the detectors, we fine-tune language models using Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to shift the MGT style toward human-written text (HWT). This exploits the detectors' reliance on stylistic clues, making new generations more challenging to detect. Additionally, we analyze the linguistic shifts induced by the alignment and which features are used by detectors to detect MGT texts. Our results show that detectors can be easily fooled with relatively few examples, resulting in a significant drop in detection performance. This highlights the importance of improving detection methods and making them robust to unseen in-domain texts.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 May 2025.
Builds on
23 of 35 references.
References · 23
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
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- 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 726
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- 2023DetectLLM: Leveraging Log Rank Information for Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Textcited by 210
- 2023RADAR: Robust AI-Text Detection via Adversarial Learningcited by 190
- 2020Reformulating Unsupervised Style Transfer as Paraphrase Generationcited by 183
- 2024RAID: A Shared Benchmark for Robust Evaluation of Machine-Generated Text Detectorscited by 163
- 2023MAGE: Machine-generated Text Detection in the Wildcited by 132
11 more
- 2023M4: Multi-generator, Multi-domain, and Multi-lingual Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 121
- 2022Real or Fake Text?: Investigating Human Ability to Detect Boundaries Between Human-Written and Machine-Generated Textcited by 63
- 2024M4GT-Bench: Evaluation Benchmark for Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 43
- 2022Attribution and Obfuscation of Neural Text Authorship: A Data Mining Perspectivecited by 41
- 2021Pushing on Text Readability Assessment: A Transformer Meets Handcrafted Linguistic Featurescited by 36
- 2024SemEval-2024 Task 8: Multidomain, Multimodel and Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 30
- 2024LLM-DetectAIve: a Tool for Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 25
- 2020Linguistic Profiling of a Neural Language Modelcited by 23
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
9 papers.
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?cited by 3
- 2025DisarmRAG: Stealthy Retriever-Centric Poisoning to Disable Self-Correction in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Extended Version)cited by 2
- 2025M-DAIGT: A Shared Task on Multi-Domain Detection of AI-Generated Textcited by 2
- 2026When New Generators Arrive: Lifelong Machine-Generated Text Attribution via Ridge Feature Transfercited by 1
- 2026The Emerging AI Paper-Review Arms Race: Adversarial Co-Evolution in Scholarly Publishingcited by 1
- 2025DEER: Disentangled Mixture of Experts with Instance-Adaptive Routing for Generalizable Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2026AEyeDE: An Attention-Based Attribution Framework for AI-Generated Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Build it, Break it, Repeat: Benchmarking and improving LLM-manipulated disinformation detection in social media postscited by 0
- 2026Using LLMs to Detect LLM-Generated Texts: A Cross-Generation Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Using LLMs to Detect LLM-Generated Texts: A Cross-Generation Analysis28 Sep 2026
- 2026The Emerging AI Paper-Review Arms Race: Adversarial Co-Evolution in Scholarly Publishing7 Sep 2026
- 2026Build it, Break it, Repeat: Benchmarking and improving LLM-manipulated disinformation detection in social media posts10 Aug 2026
- 2026When New Generators Arrive: Lifelong Machine-Generated Text Attribution via Ridge Feature Transfer4 Jun 2026
- 2026AEyeDE: An Attention-Based Attribution Framework for AI-Generated Text Detection13 Apr 2026
- 2025M-DAIGT: A Shared Task on Multi-Domain Detection of AI-Generated Text14 Nov 2025
- 2025DEER: Disentangled Mixture of Experts with Instance-Adaptive Routing for Generalizable Machine-Generated Text Detection3 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?23 Oct 2025
- 2025DisarmRAG: Stealthy Retriever-Centric Poisoning to Disable Self-Correction in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Extended Version)27 Aug 2025
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- 2026Detecting the Machine: A Comprehensive Benchmark of AI-Generated Text Detectors Across Architectures, Domains, and Adversarial Conditions
- 2025HLPD: Aligning LLMs to Human Language Preference for Machine-Revised Text Detection
- 2025Kill two birds with one stone: generalized and robust AI-generated text detection via dynamic perturbations
- 2023Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?
- 2025Evaluating the Performance of AI Text Detectors, Few-Shot and Chain-of-Thought Prompting Using DeepSeek Generated Text
- 2024Humanizing the Machine: Proxy Attacks to Mislead LLM Detectors
- 2024TextMachina: Seamless Generation of Machine-Generated Text Datasets