GaussianBeV: 3D Gaussian Representation meets Perception Models for BeV Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
The Bird's-eye View (BeV) representation is widely used for 3D perception from multi-view camera images. It allows to merge features from different cameras into a common space, providing a unified representation of the 3D scene. The key component is the view transformer, which transforms image views into the BeV. However, actual view transformer methods based on geometry or cross-attention do not provide a sufficiently detailed representation of the scene, as they use a sub-sampling of the 3D space that is non-optimal for modeling the fine structures of the environment. In this paper, we propose GaussianBeV, a novel method for transforming image features to BeV by finely representing the scene using a set of 3D gaussians located and oriented in 3D space. This representation is then splattered to produce the BeV feature map by adapting recent advances in 3D representation rendering based on gaussian splatting. GaussianBeV is the first approach to use this 3D gaussian modeling and 3D scene rendering process online, i.e. without optimizing it on a specific scene and directly integrated into a single stage model for BeV scene understanding. Experiments show that the proposed representation is highly effective and place GaussianBeV as the new state-of-the-art on the BeV semantic segmentation task on the nuScenes dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2024.
Builds on
31 of 34 references.
References · 31
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,346
- 2017Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semanticscited by 1,345
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
- 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,040
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
- 2023pixelSplat: 3D Gaussian Splats from Image Pairs for Scalable Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 668
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
- 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 410
- 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 410
19 more
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 387
- 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learningcited by 365
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 361
- 2023Splatter Image: Ultra-Fast Single-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 359
- 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 357
- 2022PETRv2: A Unified Framework for 3D Perception from Multi-Camera Imagescited by 351
- 2023Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 341
- 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 313
- 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
- 2021FIERY: Future Instance Prediction in Bird's-Eye View from Surround Monocular Camerascited by 239
- 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 205
- 2022M2BEV: Multi-Camera Joint 3D Detection and Segmentation with Unified Birds-Eye View Representationcited by 155
- 2023SparseBEV: High-Performance Sparse 3D Object Detection from Multi-Camera Videoscited by 149
- 2022Simple-BEV: What Really Matters for Multi-Sensor BEV Perception?cited by 128
- 2023TBP-Former: Learning Temporal Bird's-Eye-View Pyramid for Joint Perception and Prediction in Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2022LaRa: Latents and Rays for Multi-Camera Bird's-Eye-View Semantic Segmentationcited by 29
- 2022MatrixVT: Efficient Multi-Camera to BEV Transformation for 3D Perceptioncited by 29
- 2023PointBeV: A Sparse Approach to BeV Predictionscited by 23
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.
20 papers.
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- 2024GaussianOcc: Fully Self-supervised and Efficient 3D Occupancy Estimation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 50
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2024Video2BEV: Transforming Drone Videos to BEVs for Video-based Geo-localizationcited by 16
- 2024VisionPAD: A Vision-Centric Pre-training Paradigm for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localizationcited by 7
- 2024GSRender: Deduplicated Occupancy Prediction via Weakly Supervised 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025SQS: Enhancing Sparse Perception Models via Query-based Splatting in Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2025RadarGaussianDet3D: Gaussian Representation-based Real-time 3D Object Detection with 4D Automotive Radarscited by 3
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understandingcited by 3
- 2025KD360-VoxelBEV: LiDAR and 360-degree Camera Cross Modality Knowledge Distillation for Bird's-Eye-View Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025OcRFDet: Object-Centric Radiance Fields for Multi-View 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2025FisheyeGaussianLift: BEV Feature Lifting for Surround-View Fisheye Camera Perceptioncited by 1
8 more
- 2026Reconstruction Matters: Learning Geometry-Aligned BEV Representation through 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2025R3GS: Gaussian Splatting for Robust Reconstruction and Relocalization in Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 0
- 2026GSMap: 2D Gaussians for Online HD Mappingcited by 0
- 2026RCGDet3D: Rethinking 4D Radar-Camera Fusion-based 3D Object Detection with Enhanced Radar Feature Encodingcited by 0
- 2026UnsOcc: 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction in Unstructured Scene via Rendering Fusioncited by 0
- 2026Open-Vocabulary BEV Segmentation with 3D-Aware Geometric Constraintscited by 0
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Constructioncited by 0
- 2026GaussianFusion: Unified 3D Gaussian Representation for Multi-Modal Fusion Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026GaussianFusion: Unified 3D Gaussian Representation for Multi-Modal Fusion Perception1 Jul 2026
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Construction30 Jun 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary BEV Segmentation with 3D-Aware Geometric Constraints23 Jun 2026
- 2026UnsOcc: 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction in Unstructured Scene via Rendering Fusion2 Jun 2026
- 2026RCGDet3D: Rethinking 4D Radar-Camera Fusion-based 3D Object Detection with Enhanced Radar Feature Encoding20 May 2026
- 2026GSMap: 2D Gaussians for Online HD Mapping10 May 2026
- 2026Reconstruction Matters: Learning Geometry-Aligned BEV Representation through 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Mar 2026
- 2025KD360-VoxelBEV: LiDAR and 360-degree Camera Cross Modality Knowledge Distillation for Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation17 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understanding3 Dec 2025
- 2025FisheyeGaussianLift: BEV Feature Lifting for Surround-View Fisheye Camera Perception21 Nov 2025
- 2025SQS: Enhancing Sparse Perception Models via Query-based Splatting in Autonomous Driving20 Sep 2025
8 more
- 2025RadarGaussianDet3D: Gaussian Representation-based Real-time 3D Object Detection with 4D Automotive Radars19 Sep 2025
- 2025OcRFDet: Object-Centric Radiance Fields for Multi-View 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving30 Jun 2025
- 2025R3GS: Gaussian Splatting for Robust Reconstruction and Relocalization in Unconstrained Image Collections21 May 2025
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localization13 Feb 2025
- 2024GSRender: Deduplicated Occupancy Prediction via Weakly Supervised 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Dec 2024
- 2024VisionPAD: A Vision-Centric Pre-training Paradigm for Autonomous Driving22 Nov 2024
- 2024Video2BEV: Transforming Drone Videos to BEVs for Video-based Geo-localization20 Nov 2024
- 2024GaussianOcc: Fully Self-supervised and Efficient 3D Occupancy Estimation with Gaussian Splatting21 Aug 2024
- 2024GaussianOcc: Fully Self-supervised and Efficient 3D Occupancy Estimation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 50
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2024Video2BEV: Transforming Drone Videos to BEVs for Video-based Geo-localizationcited by 16
- 2024VisionPAD: A Vision-Centric Pre-training Paradigm for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localizationcited by 7
- 2024GSRender: Deduplicated Occupancy Prediction via Weakly Supervised 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025SQS: Enhancing Sparse Perception Models via Query-based Splatting in Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2025RadarGaussianDet3D: Gaussian Representation-based Real-time 3D Object Detection with 4D Automotive Radarscited by 3
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understandingcited by 3
- 2025KD360-VoxelBEV: LiDAR and 360-degree Camera Cross Modality Knowledge Distillation for Bird's-Eye-View Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025OcRFDet: Object-Centric Radiance Fields for Multi-View 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2025FisheyeGaussianLift: BEV Feature Lifting for Surround-View Fisheye Camera Perceptioncited by 1
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026GaussianFusion: Unified 3D Gaussian Representation for Multi-Modal Fusion Perception1 Jul 2026
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Construction30 Jun 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary BEV Segmentation with 3D-Aware Geometric Constraints23 Jun 2026
- 2026UnsOcc: 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction in Unstructured Scene via Rendering Fusion2 Jun 2026
- 2026RCGDet3D: Rethinking 4D Radar-Camera Fusion-based 3D Object Detection with Enhanced Radar Feature Encoding20 May 2026
- 2026GSMap: 2D Gaussians for Online HD Mapping10 May 2026
- 2026Reconstruction Matters: Learning Geometry-Aligned BEV Representation through 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Mar 2026
- 2025KD360-VoxelBEV: LiDAR and 360-degree Camera Cross Modality Knowledge Distillation for Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation17 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understanding3 Dec 2025
- 2025FisheyeGaussianLift: BEV Feature Lifting for Surround-View Fisheye Camera Perception21 Nov 2025
- 2025SQS: Enhancing Sparse Perception Models via Query-based Splatting in Autonomous Driving20 Sep 2025
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)