mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

WirelessLLM: Empowering Large Language Models Towards Wireless Intelligence

arXiv 2405.17053 ↗First posted 27 May 2024cs.NI cs.AI cs.LGcited by 44

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Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid evolution of wireless technologies and the growing complexity of network infrastructures necessitate a paradigm shift in how communication networks are designed, configured, and managed. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their potential to revolutionize wireless communication systems. However, existing studies on LLMs for wireless systems are limited to a direct application for telecom language understanding. To empower LLMs with knowledge and expertise in the wireless domain, this paper proposes WirelessLLM, a comprehensive framework for adapting and enhancing LLMs to address the unique challenges and requirements of wireless communication networks. We first identify three foundational principles that underpin WirelessLLM: knowledge alignment, knowledge fusion, and knowledge evolution. Then, we investigate the enabling technologies to build WirelessLLM, including prompt engineering, retrieval augmented generation, tool usage, multi-modal pre-training, and domain-specific fine-tuning. Moreover, we present three case studies to demonstrate the practical applicability and benefits of WirelessLLM for solving typical problems in wireless networks. Finally, we conclude this paper by highlighting key challenges and outlining potential avenues for future research.

Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2024.

Builds on

40 of 56 references.

References · 40

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
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28 more
  1. 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 341
  2. 2023ChipNeMo: Domain-Adapted LLMs for Chip Designcited by 174
  3. 2019The Roadmap to 6G -- AI Empowered Wireless Networkscited by 153
  4. 2021Learning Task-Oriented Communication for Edge Inference: An Information Bottleneck Approachcited by 110
  5. 2020Communication-Efficient Edge AI: Algorithms and Systemscited by 96
  6. 2018Towards an Intelligent Edge: Wireless Communication Meets Machine Learningcited by 95
  7. 2023A Survey of Large Language Models for Code: Evolution, Benchmarking, and Future Trendscited by 66
  8. 2023TeleQnA: A Benchmark Dataset to Assess Large Language Models Telecommunications Knowledgecited by 63
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  12. 2022Graph Neural Networks for Wireless Communications: From Theory to Practicecited by 46
  13. 2023Large Language Models for Telecom: Forthcoming Impact on the Industrycited by 44
  14. 2023Understanding Telecom Language Through Large Language Modelscited by 32
  15. 2024Large Multi-Modal Models (LMMs) as Universal Foundation Models for AI-Native Wireless Systemscited by 27
  16. 2024Telco-RAG: Navigating the Challenges of Retrieval-Augmented Language Models for Telecommunicationscited by 26
  17. 2023A Survey of What to Share in Federated Learning: Perspectives on Model Utility, Privacy Leakage, and Communication Efficiencycited by 21
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  19. 2023CDDM: Channel Denoising Diffusion Models for Wireless Communicationscited by 19
  20. 2023AI-native Interconnect Framework for Integration of Large Language Model Technologies in 6G Systemscited by 19
  21. 2023Generative Diffusion Models for Radio Wireless Channel Modelling and Samplingcited by 15
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  23. 2024Towards a Wireless Physical-Layer Foundation Model: Challenges and Strategiescited by 11
  24. 2023An Empirical Study of NetOps Capability of Pre-Trained Large Language Modelscited by 9
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 22; 2026: 12.

44 papers.

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  1. 2025AI Flow: Perspectives, Scenarios, and Approachescited by 44
  2. 2024TSpec-LLM: An Open-source Dataset for LLM Understanding of 3GPP Specificationscited by 27
  3. 2024A Survey on Large Language Models for Communication, Network, and Service Management: Application Insights, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 25
  4. 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 23
  5. 2024An overview of domain-specific foundation model: key technologies, applications and challengescited by 19
  6. 20256G WavesFM: A Foundation Model for Sensing, Communication, and Localizationcited by 13
  7. 2024WDMoE: Wireless Distributed Mixture of Experts for Large Language Modelscited by 12
  8. 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Integrated Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Networks: Recent Advances and Future Directionscited by 10
  9. 2024ENWAR: A RAG-empowered Multi-Modal LLM Framework for Wireless Environment Perceptioncited by 7
  10. 2026WirelessAgent++: Automated Agentic Workflow Design and Benchmarking for Wireless Networkscited by 7
  11. 2025RadioLLM: Introducing Large Language Model into Cognitive Radio via Hybrid Prompt and Token Reprogrammingscited by 6
  12. 2025DeepSeek-Inspired Exploration of RL-based LLMs and Synergy with Wireless Networks: A Surveycited by 6
32 more
  1. 2026RF-GPT: Teaching AI to See the Wireless Worldcited by 6
  2. 2025LAMeTA: Intent-Aware Agentic Network Optimization via a Large AI Model-Empowered Two-Stage Approachcited by 5
  3. 2025WirelessMathBench: A Mathematical Modeling Benchmark for LLMs in Wireless Communicationscited by 4
  4. 2024NetOrchLLM: Mastering Wireless Network Orchestration with Large Language Modelscited by 3
  5. 2025ORAN-GUIDE: RAG-Driven Prompt Learning for LLM-Augmented Reinforcement Learning in O-RAN Network Slicingcited by 3
  6. 2025WirelessMathLM: Teaching Mathematical Reasoning for LLMs in Wireless Communications with Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  7. 2024Decision Feedback In-Context Symbol Detection over Block-Fading Channelscited by 2
  8. 2025Revolution of Wireless Signal Recognition for 6G: Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Directionscited by 2
  9. 2025Towards a Foundation Model for Communication Systemscited by 2
  10. 2026PReD: An LLM-based Foundation Multimodal Model for Electromagnetic Perception, Recognition, and Decisioncited by 2
  11. 2025TelePlanNet: An AI-Driven Framework for Efficient Telecom Network Planningcited by 1
  12. 2025Intelligent Channel Allocation for IEEE 802.11be Multi-Link Operation: When MAB Meets LLMcited by 1
  13. 2026MERLIN: Building Low-SNR Robust Multimodal LLMs for Electromagnetic Signalscited by 1
  14. 2026Map as a Prompt: Learning Multi-Modal Spatial-Signal Foundation Models for Cross-scenario Wireless Localizationcited by 1
  15. 2024WirelessAgent: Large Language Model Agents for Intelligent Wireless Networkscited by 0
  16. 2024Rephrase and Contrast: Fine-Tuning Language Models for Enhanced Understanding of Communication and Computer Networkscited by 0
  17. 2025Empowering Large Language Models in Wireless Communication: A Novel Dataset and Fine-Tuning Frameworkcited by 0
  18. 2025Decision Feedback In-Context Learning for Wireless Symbol Detectioncited by 0
  19. 2025Investigating cybersecurity incidents using large language models in latest-generation wireless networkscited by 0
  20. 2025Transforming Decoder-Only Transformers for Accurate WiFi-Telemetry Based Indoor Localizationcited by 0
  21. 2025SCA-LLM: Spectral-Attentive LLM-Based Wireless World Modeling for Agentic Communicationscited by 0
  22. 2025Foundation Model-Based Adaptive Semantic Image Transmission for Dynamic Wireless Environmentscited by 0
  23. 2025PEARL: Peer-Enhanced Adaptive Radio via On-Device LLMcited by 0
  24. 2025LLM-Empowered Agentic MAC Protocols: A Dynamic Stackelberg Game Approachcited by 0
  25. 2025MM-Telco: Benchmarks and Multimodal Large Language Models for Telecom Applicationscited by 0
  26. 2026A Wireless World Model for AI-Native 6G Networkscited by 0
  27. 2026When Adaptive Rewards Hurt: Causal Probing and the Switching-Stability Dilemma in LLM-Guided LEO Satellite Schedulingcited by 0
  28. 2026When Does Multimodal AI Help? Diagnostic Complementarity of Vision-Language Models and CNNs for Spectrum Management in Satellite-Terrestrial Networkscited by 0
  29. 2026Enwar 3.0: An Agentic Multi-Modal LLM Orchestrator for Situation-Aware Beamforming, Blockage Prediction, and Handover Managementcited by 0
  30. 2026Adversarial Water-Filling: Theory, Algorithms, and a Domain-Specific Wireless Foundation Modelcited by 0
  31. 2026Large Language Models in the Loop: A Stability- and Network-Aware Survey in Networked Control, Cyber-Physical, and Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
  32. 2026AIMS: An Agentic AI Framework for Sim-to-Real Multi-Modal ISACcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Large Language Models for Wireless Communications: From Adaptation to Autonomy
  2. 2024Large Language Model (LLM) for Telecommunications: A Comprehensive Survey on Principles, Key Techniques, and Opportunities
  3. 2024Large Language Models (LLMs) Assisted Wireless Network Deployment in Urban Settings
  4. 2024Large Language Model Enabled Multi-Task Physical Layer Network
  5. 2024Csi-LLM: A Novel Downlink Channel Prediction Method Aligned with LLM Pre-Training
  6. 2024WDMoE: Wireless Distributed Large Language Models with Mixture of Experts
  7. 2024Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled In-context Learning for Wireless Network Optimization: A Case Study of Power Control
  8. 2026Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Network Optimization