M2Depth: Self-supervised Two-Frame Multi-camera Metric Depth Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents a novel self-supervised two-frame multi-camera metric depth estimation network, termed M2Depth, which is designed to predict reliable scale-aware surrounding depth in autonomous driving. Unlike the previous works that use multi-view images from a single time-step or multiple time-step images from a single camera, M2Depth takes temporally adjacent two-frame images from multiple cameras as inputs and produces high-quality surrounding depth. We first construct cost volumes in spatial and temporal domains individually and propose a spatial-temporal fusion module that integrates the spatial-temporal information to yield a strong volume presentation. We additionally combine the neural prior from SAM features with internal features to reduce the ambiguity between foreground and background and strengthen the depth edges. Extensive experimental results on nuScenes and DDAD benchmarks show M2Depth achieves state-of-the-art performance. More results can be found in https://heiheishuang.xyz/M2Depth .
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2024.
Builds on
38 of 45 references.
References · 38
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- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
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- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
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- 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 780
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- 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 414
- 2023Faster Segment Anything: Towards Lightweight SAM for Mobile Applicationscited by 345
26 more
- 2023Customized Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 277
- 2019Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth and Ego-motion Learning from Monocular Videocited by 244
- 2019Group-wise Correlation Stereo Networkcited by 235
- 2023Inpaint Anything: Segment Anything Meets Image Inpaintingcited by 233
- 2023Segment and Track Anythingcited by 193
- 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
- 2022BinsFormer: Revisiting Adaptive Bins for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 166
- 2021TransMVSNet: Global Context-aware Multi-view Stereo Network with Transformerscited by 117
- 2022Lite-Mono: A Lightweight CNN and Transformer Architecture for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 100
- 2018Deep Virtual Stereo Odometry: Leveraging Deep Depth Prediction for Monocular Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 85
- 2022SurroundDepth: Entangling Surrounding Views for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 76
- 2019Bi-Directional Cascade Network for Perceptual Edge Detectioncited by 71
- 2022Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformerscited by 64
- 2020MonoRec: Semi-Supervised Dense Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments from a Single Moving Cameracited by 59
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depthcited by 48
- 2021Multi-View Depth Estimation by Fusing Single-View Depth Probability with Multi-View Geometrycited by 46
- 2021Full Surround Monodepth from Multiple Camerascited by 41
- 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
- 2023SAM3D: Segment Anything Model in Volumetric Medical Imagescited by 34
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 25
- 2023SQLdepth: Generalizable Self-Supervised Fine-Structured Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 21
- 2023EGA-Depth: Efficient Guided Attention for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 16
- 2023Segment Anything Model is a Good Teacher for Local Feature Learningcited by 15
- 2023Scalable Mask Annotation for Video Text Spottingcited by 13
- 2022Crafting Monocular Cues and Velocity Guidance for Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Depth Learningcited by 12
- 2022Mind The Edge: Refining Depth Edges in Sparsely-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.
10 papers.
- 2024TranSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images with Transformerscited by 71
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generationcited by 39
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Modelscited by 32
- 2024LangSurf: Language-Embedded Surface Gaussians for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 17
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025Semi-SMD: Semi-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation via Surrounding Cameras for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026SurroundNEXO: Ego-Centric Metric Bridging for Spatially Consistent Geometry in Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026UniPR: Unified Object-level Real-to-Sim Perception and Reconstruction from a Single Stereo Paircited by 0
- 2026DrivingDepth: Sparse-Prompted Pixel-wise Scale Correction for Driving Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Boosting Robustness for All-Weather Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Boosting Robustness for All-Weather Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Autonomous Driving23 Jul 2026
- 2026DrivingDepth: Sparse-Prompted Pixel-wise Scale Correction for Driving Depth Estimation30 Jun 2026
- 2026SurroundNEXO: Ego-Centric Metric Bridging for Spatially Consistent Geometry in Autonomous Driving15 Jun 2026
- 2026UniPR: Unified Object-level Real-to-Sim Perception and Reconstruction from a Single Stereo Pair20 Mar 2026
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Models21 Oct 2025
- 2025Semi-SMD: Semi-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation via Surrounding Cameras for Autonomous Driving25 Mar 2025
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generation19 Mar 2025
- 2025MuDG: Taming Multi-modal Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scene Reconstruction13 Mar 2025
- 2024LangSurf: Language-Embedded Surface Gaussians for 3D Scene Understanding23 Dec 2024
- 2024TranSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images with Transformers25 Aug 2024