mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Semi-SMD: Semi-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation via Surrounding Cameras for Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2503.19713 ↗First posted 25 Mar 2025cs.RO cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → VLMs for autonomous driving

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce Semi-SMD, a novel metric depth estimation framework tailored for surrounding cameras equipment in autonomous driving. In this work, the input data consists of adjacent surrounding frames and camera parameters. We propose a unified spatial-temporal-semantic fusion module to construct the visual fused features. Cross-attention components for surrounding cameras and adjacent frames are utilized to focus on metric scale information refinement and temporal feature matching. Building on this, we propose a pose estimation framework using surrounding cameras, their corresponding estimated depths, and extrinsic parameters, which effectively address the scale ambiguity in multi-camera setups. Moreover, semantic world model and monocular depth estimation world model are integrated to supervised the depth estimation, which improve the quality of depth estimation. We evaluate our algorithm on DDAD and nuScenes datasets, and the results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of surrounding camera based depth estimation quality. The source code will be available on https://github.com/xieyuser/Semi-SMD.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLMs for autonomous driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 32 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2025.

Builds on

32 of 36 references.

References · 32

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  4. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
  5. 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
  6. 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
  7. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
  8. 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
  9. 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,346
  10. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
  11. 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 819
  12. 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 646
20 more
  1. 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 437
  2. 2016Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networkscited by 402
  3. 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 379
  4. 2023Faster Segment Anything: Towards Lightweight SAM for Mobile Applicationscited by 345
  5. 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
  6. 2018High Quality Monocular Depth Estimation via Transfer Learningcited by 133
  7. 2023Motion Planning for Autonomous Driving: The State of the Art and Future Perspectivescited by 112
  8. 2024Towards learning-based planning:The nuPlan benchmark for real-world autonomous drivingcited by 103
  9. 2018Deep Virtual Stereo Odometry: Leveraging Deep Depth Prediction for Monocular Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 85
  10. 2022SurroundDepth: Entangling Surrounding Views for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 76
  11. 2020MonoRec: Semi-Supervised Dense Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments from a Single Moving Cameracited by 59
  12. 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
  13. 2021Full Surround Monodepth from Multiple Camerascited by 41
  14. 2023MobileSAMv2: Faster Segment Anything to Everythingcited by 41
  15. 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
  16. 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 25
  17. 2023EGA-Depth: Efficient Guided Attention for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 16
  18. 2022Crafting Monocular Cues and Velocity Guidance for Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Depth Learningcited by 12
  19. 2024M2Depth: Self-supervised Two-Frame Multi-camera Metric Depth Estimationcited by 10
  20. 2025Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Vehicles: A Surveycited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Diffusion-Augmented Depth Prediction with Sparse Annotations
  2. 2026RAD: Retrieval-Augmented Monocular Metric Depth Estimation for Underrepresented Classes
  3. 2025Leveraging Stable Diffusion for Monocular Depth Estimation via Image Semantic Encoding
  4. 2026TRIG: Trajectory-Rig Decoupled Metric Geometry Learning
  5. 2026MetricAnything: Scaling Metric Depth Pretraining with Noisy Heterogeneous Sources
  6. 2025HD2-SSC: High-Dimension High-Density Semantic Scene Completion for Autonomous Driving
  7. 2023Towards Zero-Shot Scale-Aware Monocular Depth Estimation
  8. 2025DualDiff: Dual-branch Diffusion Model for Autonomous Driving with Semantic Fusion