mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Robust CLIP-Based Detector for Exposing Diffusion Model-Generated Images

arXiv 2404.12908 ↗First posted 19 Apr 2024cs.CV cs.LG eess.IVcited by 20

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models (DMs) have revolutionized image generation, producing high-quality images with applications spanning various fields. However, their ability to create hyper-realistic images poses significant challenges in distinguishing between real and synthetic content, raising concerns about digital authenticity and potential misuse in creating deepfakes. This work introduces a robust detection framework that integrates image and text features extracted by CLIP model with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier. We propose a novel loss that can improve the detector's robustness and handle imbalanced datasets. Additionally, we flatten the loss landscape during the model training to improve the detector's generalization capabilities. The effectiveness of our method, which outperforms traditional detection techniques, is demonstrated through extensive experiments, underscoring its potential to set a new state-of-the-art approach in DM-generated image detection. The code is available at https://github.com/Purdue-M2/Robust_DM_Generated_Image_Detection.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 50 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2024.

Builds on

50 of 61 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024CoMat: Aligning Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Image-to-Text Concept Matching4 Apr
  2. 2024LCM-Lookahead for Encoder-based Text-to-Image Personalization4 Apr
  3. 2024Bi-LORA: A Vision-Language Approach for Synthetic Image Detection2 Apr
  4. 2024LaRE2: Latent Reconstruction Error Based Method for Diffusion-Generated Image Detection26 Mar
  5. 2024CLIPping the Deception: Adapting Vision-Language Models for Universal Deepfake Detection20 Feb
  6. 2024Detecting Multimedia Generated by Large AI Models: A Survey22 Jan
  7. 2023Exposing the Fake: Effective Diffusion-Generated Images Detection12 Jul
  8. 2023Deep Image Fingerprint: Towards Low Budget Synthetic Image Detection and Model Lineage Analysis19 Mar
  9. 2022DE-FAKE: Detection and Attribution of Fake Images Generated by Text-to-Image Generation Models13 Oct
  10. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  11. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr

Other references · 39

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
  7. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,451
  8. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  9. 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,320
  10. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  11. 2020Sharpness-Aware Minimization for Efficiently Improving Generalizationcited by 1,404
  12. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
27 more
  1. 2023Raising the Bar of AI-generated Image Detection with CLIPcited by 163
  2. 2023Conditional Diffusion Models for Semantic 3D Brain MRI Synthesiscited by 85
  3. 2024Preserving Fairness Generalization in Deepfake Detectioncited by 70
  4. 2020Exposing GAN-generated Faces Using Inconsistent Corneal Specular Highlightscited by 59
  5. 2021Eyes Tell All: Irregular Pupil Shapes Reveal GAN-generated Facescited by 48
  6. 2020DeepFake Detection: Current Challenges and Next Stepscited by 44
  7. 2023Improving Fairness in Deepfake Detectioncited by 40
  8. 2022Lighting (In)consistency of Paint by Textcited by 35
  9. 2024MVD-Fusion: Single-view 3D via Depth-consistent Multi-view Generationcited by 35
  10. 2022Perspective (In)consistency of Paint by Textcited by 34
  11. 2023Qualitative Failures of Image Generation Models and Their Application in Detecting Deepfakescited by 31
  12. 2022GAN-generated Faces Detection: A Survey and New Perspectivescited by 29
  13. 2021Robust Attentive Deep Neural Network for Exposing GAN-generated Facescited by 28
  14. 2020Learning by Minimizing the Sum of Ranked Rangecited by 27
  15. 2021TkML-AP: Adversarial Attacks to Top-k Multi-Label Learningcited by 26
  16. 2022Rank-based Decomposable Losses in Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 26
  17. 2024Would Deep Generative Models Amplify Bias in Future Models?cited by 24
  18. 2021Sum of Ranked Range Loss for Supervised Learningcited by 23
  19. 2024Robust Light-Weight Facial Affective Behavior Recognition with CLIPcited by 16
  20. 2022Distributionally Robust Survival Analysis: A Novel Fairness Loss Without Demographicscited by 14
  21. 2023Synthesizing Black-box Anti-forensics DeepFakes with High Visual Qualitycited by 12
  22. 2024Robust COVID-19 Detection in CT Images with CLIPcited by 12
  23. 2022Open-Eye: An Open Platform to Study Human Performance on Identifying AI-Synthesized Facescited by 11
  24. 2023Outlier Robust Adversarial Trainingcited by 10
  25. 2024Towards the Detection of AI-Synthesized Human Face Imagescited by 8
  26. 2024Future-Proofing Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
  27. 2024Segmentation-Guided Knee Radiograph Generation using Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 12; 2026: 3.

20 papers.

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  1. 2025Bridging the Gap Between Ideal and Real-world Evaluation: Benchmarking AI-Generated Image Detection in Challenging Scenarioscited by 24
  2. 2024FSFM: A Generalizable Face Security Foundation Model via Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learningcited by 21
  3. 2024UU-Mamba: Uncertainty-aware U-Mamba for Cardiac Image Segmentationcited by 15
  4. 2025OpenFake: An Open Dataset and Platform Toward Real-World Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
  5. 2025Explainable Synthetic Image Detection through Diffusion Timestep Ensemblingcited by 7
  6. 2025Improving Generalization of Medical Image Registration Foundation Modelcited by 6
  7. 2025Robust AI-Generated Face Detection with Imbalanced Datacited by 5
  8. 2024The Cat and Mouse Game: The Ongoing Arms Race Between Diffusion Models and Detection Methodscited by 4
  9. 2025Robust Fairness Vision-Language Learning for Medical Image Analysiscited by 4
  10. 2025Rethinking Individual Fairness in Deepfake Detectioncited by 4
  11. 2024Present and Future Generalization of Synthetic Image Detectorscited by 3
  12. 2024An Uncertainty-Aware Generalization Framework for Cardiovascular Image Segmentationcited by 3
8 more
  1. 2025SafetyPairs: Isolating Safety Critical Image Features with Counterfactual Image Generationcited by 2
  2. 2025A Data-Centric Approach to Pedestrian Attribute Recognition: Synthetic Augmentation via Prompt-driven Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  3. 2025Unified Face Matching and Physical-Digital Spoofing Attack Detectioncited by 0
  4. 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 0
  5. 2025SynthGuard: An Open Platform for Detecting AI-Generated Multimedia with Multimodal LLMscited by 0
  6. 2026Robust Multi-Source Covid-19 Detection in CT Imagescited by 0
  7. 2026Robust Fair Disease Diagnosis in CT Imagescited by 0
  8. 2026Chroma Clues: Leveraging Color Statistics to Detect Synthetic Imagescited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Diffusion Noise Feature: Accurate and Fast Generated Image Detection
  2. 2022Towards the Detection of Diffusion Model Deepfakes
  3. 2025Diffusion Models are Robust Pretrainers
  4. 2024Aligned Datasets Improve Detection of Latent Diffusion-Generated Images
  5. 2023Detecting Images Generated by Diffusers
  6. 2023DIRE for Diffusion-Generated Image Detection
  7. 2023Detecting Images Generated by Deep Diffusion Models using their Local Intrinsic Dimensionality
  8. 2024Efficient Image-to-Image Diffusion Classifier for Adversarial Robustness