mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Robust Attentive Deep Neural Network for Exposing GAN-generated Faces

arXiv 2109.02167 ↗First posted 5 Sep 2021cs.CVcited by 28

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Abstract (arXiv)

GAN-based techniques that generate and synthesize realistic faces have caused severe social concerns and security problems. Existing methods for detecting GAN-generated faces can perform well on limited public datasets. However, images from existing public datasets do not represent real-world scenarios well enough in terms of view variations and data distributions (where real faces largely outnumber synthetic faces). The state-of-the-art methods do not generalize well in real-world problems and lack the interpretability of detection results. Performance of existing GAN-face detection models degrades significantly when facing imbalanced data distributions. To address these shortcomings, we propose a robust, attentive, end-to-end network that can spot GAN-generated faces by analyzing their eye inconsistencies. Specifically, our model learns to identify inconsistent eye components by localizing and comparing the iris artifacts between the two eyes automatically. Our deep network addresses the imbalance learning issues by considering the AUC loss and the traditional cross-entropy loss jointly. Comprehensive evaluations of the FFHQ dataset in terms of both balanced and imbalanced scenarios demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2021.

Builds on

46 of 72 references.

References · 46

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 7; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.

28 papers.

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  1. 2022Fusing Global and Local Features for Generalized AI-Synthesized Image Detectioncited by 88
  2. 2024Preserving Fairness Generalization in Deepfake Detectioncited by 70
  3. 2023Improving Fairness in Deepfake Detectioncited by 40
  4. 2024AI-Face: A Million-Scale Demographically Annotated AI-Generated Face Dataset and Fairness Benchmarkcited by 28
  5. 2024Robust CLIP-Based Detector for Exposing Diffusion Model-Generated Imagescited by 20
  6. 2023Synthesizing Black-box Anti-forensics DeepFakes with High Visual Qualitycited by 12
  7. 2022Open-Eye: An Open Platform to Study Human Performance on Identifying AI-Synthesized Facescited by 11
  8. 2023Outlier Robust Adversarial Trainingcited by 10
  9. 2024Masked Conditional Diffusion Model for Enhancing Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
  10. 2023Harnessing the Power of Text-image Contrastive Models for Automatic Detection of Online Misinformationcited by 6
  11. 2025Preserving AUC Fairness in Learning with Noisy Protected Groupscited by 6
  12. 2024An Explainable Non-local Network for COVID-19 Diagnosiscited by 5
16 more
  1. 2025Robust AI-Generated Face Detection with Imbalanced Datacited by 5
  2. 2024Hiding Faces in Plain Sight: Defending DeepFakes by Disrupting Face Detectioncited by 4
  3. 2024Data-Driven Fairness Generalization for Deepfake Detectioncited by 4
  4. 2025Robust Fairness Vision-Language Learning for Medical Image Analysiscited by 4
  5. 2025Rethinking Individual Fairness in Deepfake Detectioncited by 4
  6. 2023Attacking Important Pixels for Anchor-free Detectorscited by 3
  7. 2024Decoupling Forgery Semantics for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 3
  8. 2024A Self-Learning Multimodal Approach for Fake News Detectioncited by 3
  9. 2025Can GPT tell us why these images are synthesized? Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Forensicscited by 3
  10. 2023ForensicsForest Family: A Series of Multi-scale Hierarchical Cascade Forests for Detecting GAN-generated Facescited by 2
  11. 2025Decoupling Bias, Aligning Distributions: Synergistic Fairness Optimization for Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
  12. 2023Towards Exploring Fairness in Visual Transformer based Natural and GAN Image Detection Systemscited by 0
  13. 2025Revisiting Deepfake Detection: Chronological Continual Learning and the Limits of Generalizationcited by 0
  14. 2025SynthGuard: An Open Platform for Detecting AI-Generated Multimedia with Multimodal LLMscited by 0
  15. 2026Robust Multi-Source Covid-19 Detection in CT Imagescited by 0
  16. 2026Robust Fair Disease Diagnosis in CT Imagescited by 0