MapTracker: Tracking with Strided Memory Fusion for Consistent Vector HD Mapping
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents a vector HD-mapping algorithm that formulates the mapping as a tracking task and uses a history of memory latents to ensure consistent reconstructions over time. Our method, MapTracker, accumulates a sensor stream into memory buffers of two latent representations: 1) Raster latents in the bird's-eye-view (BEV) space and 2) Vector latents over the road elements (i.e., pedestrian-crossings, lane-dividers, and road-boundaries). The approach borrows the query propagation paradigm from the tracking literature that explicitly associates tracked road elements from the previous frame to the current, while fusing a subset of memory latents selected with distance strides to further enhance temporal consistency. A vector latent is decoded to reconstruct the geometry of a road element. The paper further makes benchmark contributions by 1) Improving processing code for existing datasets to produce consistent ground truth with temporal alignments and 2) Augmenting existing mAP metrics with consistency checks. MapTracker significantly outperforms existing methods on both nuScenes and Agroverse2 datasets by over 8% and 19% on the conventional and the new consistency-aware metrics, respectively. The code and models are available on our project page: https://map-tracker.github.io.
Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2024.
Builds on
40 of 49 references.
References · 40
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,414
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,422
- 2016V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2,292
- 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,831
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,218
- 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,044
- 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 707
- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 518
- 2022DN-DETR: Accelerate DETR Training by Introducing Query DeNoisingcited by 488
28 more
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 381
- 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 371
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 341
- 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 314
- 2022BEVFormer v2: Adapting Modern Image Backbones to Bird's-Eye-View Recognition via Perspective Supervisioncited by 302
- 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 281
- 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 245
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 193
- 2020LIO-SAM: Tightly-coupled Lidar Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mappingcited by 188
- 2022MOTRv2: Bootstrapping End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking by Pretrained Object Detectorscited by 148
- 2023StreamMapNet: Streaming Mapping Network for Vectorized Online HD Map Constructioncited by 145
- 2022Vision-Centric BEV Perception: A Surveycited by 126
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2022ViP3D: End-to-end Visual Trajectory Prediction via 3D Agent Queriescited by 117
- 2022MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memorycited by 114
- 2023Sparse4D v2: Recurrent Temporal Fusion with Sparse Modelcited by 93
- 2023MeMOTR: Long-Term Memory-Augmented Transformer for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 88
- 2023PivotNet: Vectorized Pivot Learning for End-to-end HD Map Constructioncited by 85
- 2023End-to-End Vectorized HD-map Construction with Piecewise Bezier Curvecited by 82
- 2023Sparse4D v3: Advancing End-to-End 3D Detection and Trackingcited by 70
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2023Online Map Vectorization for Autonomous Driving: A Rasterization Perspectivecited by 54
- 2023Localization Is All You Evaluate: Data Leakage in Online Mapping Datasets and How to Fix Itcited by 44
- 2024Stream Query Denoising for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 43
- 2023Online Vectorized HD Map Construction using Geometrycited by 42
- 2023PolyDiffuse: Polygonal Shape Reconstruction via Guided Set Diffusion Modelscited by 38
- 2023MachMap: End-to-End Vectorized Solution for Compact HD-Map Constructioncited by 17
- 2023MemorySeg: Online LiDAR Semantic Segmentation with a Latent Memorycited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 16; 2025: 29; 2026: 23.
68 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Is Your HD Map Constructor Reliable under Sensor Corruptions?cited by 28
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expertcited by 17
- 2024GlobalMapNet: An Online Framework for Vectorized Global HD Map Constructioncited by 13
- 2024PrevPredMap: Exploring Temporal Modeling with Previous Predictions for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2024DTCLMapper: Dual Temporal Consistent Learning for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 10
- 2024MemFusionMap: Working Memory Fusion for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 9
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Trackingcited by 8
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interactioncited by 8
- 2025SDTagNet: Leveraging Text-Annotated Navigation Maps for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 8
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problemcited by 7
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mappingcited by 7
38 more
- 2024Exploring Semi-Supervised Learning for Online Mappingcited by 6
- 2025Persistent Autoregressive Mapping with Traffic Rules for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2024TopoBDA: Towards Bezier Deformable Attention for Road Topology Understandingcited by 5
- 2025Divide and Merge: Motion and Semantic Learning in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2025RTMap: Real-Time Recursive Mapping with Change Detection and Localizationcited by 5
- 2025PseudoMapTrainer: Learning Online Mapping without HD Mapscited by 5
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2024GenMapping: Unleashing the Potential of Inverse Perspective Mapping for Robust Online HD Map Constructioncited by 4
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
- 2025Uni-PrevPredMap: Extending PrevPredMap to a Unified Framework of Prior-Informed Modeling for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 4
- 2025UniMapGen: A Generative Framework for Large-Scale Map Construction from Multi-modal Datacited by 4
- 2024HeightMapNet: Explicit Height Modeling for End-to-End HD Map Learningcited by 3
- 2024M3TR: A Generalist Model for Real-World HD Map Completioncited by 3
- 2025FastMap: Fast Queries Initialization Based Vectorized HD Map Reconstruction Frameworkcited by 3
- 2025Uncertainty-Instructed Structure Injection for Generalizable HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Mapscited by 3
- 2025Mapping like a Skeptic: Probabilistic BEV Projection for Online HD Mappingcited by 3
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2026OneDrive: Unified Multi-Paradigm Driving with Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2024Online Temporal Fusion for Vectorized Map Construction in Mapless Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025Inferring Driving Maps by Deep Learning-based Trail Map Extractioncited by 2
- 2025GraphGSOcc: Semantic-Geometric Graph Transformer with Dynamic-Static Decoupling for 3D Gaussian Splatting-based Occupancy Predictioncited by 2
- 2025MapFM: Foundation Model-Driven HD Mapping with Multi-Task Contextual Learningcited by 2
- 2025RelMap: Enhancing Online Map Construction with Class-Aware Spatial Relation and Semantic Priorscited by 2
- 2025From Static to Dynamic: a Survey of Topology-Aware Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025AutoScape: Geometry-Consistent Long-Horizon Scene Generationcited by 2
- 2025AMap: Distilling Future Priors for Ahead-Aware Online HD Map Constructioncited by 2
- 2026D2HDMap: Non-visible Driveline Map Prior for Online Vectorized HD Map Predictioncited by 2
- 2025S2GO: Streaming Sparse Gaussian Occupancy Predictioncited by 1
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priorscited by 1
- 2025Maps for Autonomous Driving: Full-process Survey and Frontierscited by 1
- 2025Learning Global Representation from Queries for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 1
- 2026Impact of Localization Errors on Label Quality for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 1
- 2026Failure Modes for Deep Learning-Based Online Mapping: How to Measure and Address Themcited by 1
- 2026OptiMVMap: Offline Vectorized Map Construction via Optimal Multi-vehicle Perspectivescited by 1
- 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planningcited by 1
- 2026Learning Ego-Centric BEV Representations from a Perspective-Privileged View: Cross-View Supervision for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 1
50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2026From Fragments to Global Maps: Learning Vectorized Map Aggregation with Large Language Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026MapLightning: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with 1D Map Tokens1 Oct 2026
- 2026Leveraging Vision-Based Point Cloud Map Priors for Camera-Based 3D Object Detection and Online Vectorized HD Mapping22 Sep 2026
- 2026PseudoMapLabeler: Confidence-Aware Pseudo-Label Generation for Semi-Supervised Online Mapping12 Aug 2026
- 2026MapTCL: Temporal Consistency Learning via Bidirectional Alignment for Vectorized HD Map Construction5 Aug 2026
- 2026TwinIR: Coordinated Invisible Dual-Point Attacks on Online HD Map Construction5 Aug 2026
- 2026Hallo4D: Multi-Modal Hallucination Mitigation for Consistent Spatio-Temporal Generation14 Jul 2026
- 2026Creating Impactful Autonomous Driving Datasets: A Strategic Guide from Research Gap to Benchmark1 Jul 2026
- 2026AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusion23 Jun 2026
- 2026D2HDMap: Non-visible Driveline Map Prior for Online Vectorized HD Map Prediction17 Jun 2026
- 2026HRDX: A Large-Scale Vector HD-Map Dataset11 Jun 2026
- 2026The Road Ahead in Autonomous Driving: The KITScenes Multimodal Dataset1 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Beyond Chamfer Distance: Granular Order-aware Evaluation Metric For Online Mapping21 May 2026
- 2026Learning Ego-Centric BEV Representations from a Perspective-Privileged View: Cross-View Supervision for Online HD Map Construction12 May 2026
- 2026Unified Map Prior Encoder for Mapping and Planning4 May 2026
- 2026OneDrive: Unified Multi-Paradigm Driving with Vision-Language-Action Models20 Apr 2026
- 2026OptiMVMap: Offline Vectorized Map Construction via Optimal Multi-vehicle Perspectives18 Apr 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertainties31 Mar 2026
- 2026Failure Modes for Deep Learning-Based Online Mapping: How to Measure and Address Them20 Mar 2026
- 2026MapGCLR: Geospatial Contrastive Learning of Representations for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction11 Mar 2026
- 2026Impact of Localization Errors on Label Quality for Online HD Map Construction3 Mar 2026
- 2026PredMapNet: Future and Historical Reasoning for Consistent Online HD Vectorized Map Construction18 Feb 2026
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Construction15 Jan 2026
- 2025AMap: Distilling Future Priors for Ahead-Aware Online HD Map Construction22 Dec 2025
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2025
- 2025CSMapping: Scalable Crowdsourced Semantic Mapping and Topology Inference for Autonomous Driving3 Dec 2025
- 2025Polymap: generating high definition map based on rasterized polygons8 Nov 2025
- 2025AutoScape: Geometry-Consistent Long-Horizon Scene Generation23 Oct 2025
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mapping12 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Global Representation from Queries for Vectorized HD Map Construction8 Oct 2025
- 2025From Static to Dynamic: a Survey of Topology-Aware Perception in Autonomous Driving28 Sep 2025
- 2025Persistent Autoregressive Mapping with Traffic Rules for Autonomous Driving26 Sep 2025
- 2025UniMapGen: A Generative Framework for Large-Scale Map Construction from Multi-modal Data26 Sep 2025
- 2025Maps for Autonomous Driving: Full-process Survey and Frontiers16 Sep 2025
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priors10 Sep 2025
- 2025Mapping like a Skeptic: Probabilistic BEV Projection for Online HD Mapping29 Aug 2025
- 2025PseudoMapTrainer: Learning Online Mapping without HD Maps26 Aug 2025
- 2025RelMap: Enhancing Online Map Construction with Class-Aware Spatial Relation and Semantic Priors29 Jul 2025
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Maps2 Jul 2025
- 2025RTMap: Real-Time Recursive Mapping with Change Detection and Localization1 Jul 2025
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving1 Jul 2025
- 2025MapFM: Foundation Model-Driven HD Mapping with Multi-Task Contextual Learning18 Jun 2025
- 2025GraphGSOcc: Semantic-Geometric Graph Transformer with Dynamic-Static Decoupling for 3D Gaussian Splatting-based Occupancy Prediction13 Jun 2025
- 2025SDTagNet: Leveraging Text-Annotated Navigation Maps for Online HD Map Construction10 Jun 2025
- 2025S2GO: Streaming Sparse Gaussian Occupancy Prediction5 Jun 2025
- 2025Inferring Driving Maps by Deep Learning-based Trail Map Extraction15 May 2025
- 2025Uni-PrevPredMap: Extending PrevPredMap to a Unified Framework of Prior-Informed Modeling for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction9 Apr 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Instructed Structure Injection for Generalizable HD Map Construction29 Mar 2025
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interaction27 Mar 2025
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Tracking10 Mar 2025
50 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2025Divide and Merge: Motion and Semantic Learning in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2024Online Temporal Fusion for Vectorized Map Construction in Mapless Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025From Static to Dynamic: a Survey of Topology-Aware Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025Maps for Autonomous Driving: Full-process Survey and Frontierscited by 1
- 2026The Road Ahead in Autonomous Driving: The KITScenes Multimodal Datasetcited by 1
- 2026The Road Ahead in Autonomous Driving: The KITScenes Multimodal Dataset1 Jun 2026
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Construction15 Jan 2026
- 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2025
- 2025From Static to Dynamic: a Survey of Topology-Aware Perception in Autonomous Driving28 Sep 2025
- 2025Maps for Autonomous Driving: Full-process Survey and Frontiers16 Sep 2025
- 2025TopoStreamer: Temporal Lane Segment Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving1 Jul 2025
- 2025Divide and Merge: Motion and Semantic Learning in End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Feb 2025
- 2024Online Temporal Fusion for Vectorized Map Construction in Mapless Autonomous Driving1 Sep 2024
- 2025AutoScape: Geometry-Consistent Long-Horizon Scene Generation23 Oct 2025
- 2024Is Your HD Map Constructor Reliable under Sensor Corruptions?cited by 28
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expertcited by 17
- 2024GlobalMapNet: An Online Framework for Vectorized Global HD Map Constructioncited by 13
- 2024PrevPredMap: Exploring Temporal Modeling with Previous Predictions for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2024DTCLMapper: Dual Temporal Consistent Learning for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 10
- 2024MemFusionMap: Working Memory Fusion for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 9
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Trackingcited by 8
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interactioncited by 8
- 2025SDTagNet: Leveraging Text-Annotated Navigation Maps for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 8
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problemcited by 7
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mappingcited by 7
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026From Fragments to Global Maps: Learning Vectorized Map Aggregation with Large Language Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026MapLightning: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with 1D Map Tokens1 Oct 2026
- 2026Leveraging Vision-Based Point Cloud Map Priors for Camera-Based 3D Object Detection and Online Vectorized HD Mapping22 Sep 2026
- 2026MapTCL: Temporal Consistency Learning via Bidirectional Alignment for Vectorized HD Map Construction5 Aug 2026
- 2026TwinIR: Coordinated Invisible Dual-Point Attacks on Online HD Map Construction5 Aug 2026
- 2026Hallo4D: Multi-Modal Hallucination Mitigation for Consistent Spatio-Temporal Generation14 Jul 2026
- 2026Creating Impactful Autonomous Driving Datasets: A Strategic Guide from Research Gap to Benchmark1 Jul 2026
- 2026AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusion23 Jun 2026
- 2026D2HDMap: Non-visible Driveline Map Prior for Online Vectorized HD Map Prediction17 Jun 2026
- 2026HRDX: A Large-Scale Vector HD-Map Dataset11 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Chamfer Distance: Granular Order-aware Evaluation Metric For Online Mapping21 May 2026
- 2026Learning Ego-Centric BEV Representations from a Perspective-Privileged View: Cross-View Supervision for Online HD Map Construction12 May 2026
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)